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Unit 1 Vocabulary
Chapters 1, 2, and 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Coastal Plain | The southernmost geographic region in Georgia, further divided into the Lower Coastal Plain and the Upper Coastal Plain. |
| Fall LIne | Geological boundary between the lower level of the Coastal Plain to the higher level of the Piedmont, where rapids and waterfalls occur. |
| Piedmont | A plateau between the Coastal Plain and the Appalachian Mountains. |
| Appalachian Mountains | A larger mountain range that stretches northward from Central Alabama to Canada. |
| Blue Ridge Mountains | A mountain range extending SW from N Virginia to N Georgia: part of the Appalachian Mountains. |
| Valley and Ridge | A part of the Appalachian Mountains, but its terrain is characterized by fertile valleys lying between long, narrow mountain ridges |
| Appalachian Plateau | Georgia's smallest geographic region is in the northwest corner of the state. |
| Region | A part of the earth's surface (land or sea) of considerable and usually indefinite extent. |
| Sunbelt | The southern and southwestern region of the United States. |
| Archaeologist | A scientist who studies the past based on materials such as fossils and artifacts that ancient people left behind. |
| Artifacts | An object made, modified, or used by humans in the past. |
| Agriculture | Cultivating the soil to produce props. |
| Culture | The common values and traditions of a society, such as language, government, and family relationships. |
| Weather | the condition of the air for a given place and time. |
| Climate | a regions average weather conditions over a long period. |
| Hurricanes | spiraling wind systems that can cause great damage. |
| Tornado | a spiraling, funnel-shaped wind system that extends from a thunderstorm to the ground. |
| Ozone | a gas made up of three atoms of oxygen that form in the air when certain chemicals react with sunlight. |
| Aquifers | underground layers of rocks and gravel. |
| Hazardous Wastes | chemically-based products which can be dangerous to people's health and the environment. |
| Chattahoochee River | river that flows south from the Blue Ridge Mountains, through Atlanta, and forms much of Georgia's western border with Alabama. |
| Savannah River | river that forms much of Georgia's northeastern border with South Carolina, serve as a shipping channel for the port of Savannah. |
| Drought | a shortage of water when little rain falls and crops are damaged. |
| Prehistoric | relating to the time before written history. |
| Paleo-Indians | the first Americans who crossed from Asia into North America approximately 10,000 years ago. |
| Archaic period | the period of history after the last Ice Age, from approximately 8000 B.C. to 1000 B.C. |
| Woodland period | the period of history after the Archaic period, from approximately 1000 B.C. to 900 A.D. |
| Mississippian period | the period following the Woodland Period, from approximately 900 to 1600, during which European explorers arrived. |
| Martillineal | tracing ancestry through the mothers family |
| Hierarchy | the organization of people into different social rankings |
| Oral History | historical information passed on through a spoken record |
| Confederacy | a group of people who band together for political or militayr strength |
| Creek Confederacy | a North American Indian confederacy organized by the Muskogee that dominated the southeastern part of the United States before being removed to Oklahoma |
| Lower Creek | Native American people traditionally from the southeastern United States. |
| Upper Creek | The modern Muscogee live primarily in Oklahoma, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. Their language, Mvskoke, is a member of the Muscogee branch of the Muscogean language family. |
| Chokofa | a ceremonial meetinghouse in the center of a Creek statement |
| Seminole | a group descended from the Mississippians that lived in northern Florida and some parts of Georgia |
| Cherokee | a member of an important tribe of North American Indians whose first known center was in the southern Alleghenies and who presently live in North Carolina and Oklahoma |
| Renaissance | the European civilization from the 1300s to 1600 |
| Conquistadors | a spanish soldier who led military expeditions in the Americas |
| Gulf Stream | a powerful ocean current that flows from the Gulf of Mexico north along East Coast of North America |
| New France | The possessions of France in North America from the 1500s until the Treaty of Paris (1763), which awarded French holdings to Great Britain and Spain |
| Mercantilism | practices or spirit; commercialism. |
| Charter | a written contract used by a government |
| Joint-Stock Company | an association of individuals in a business enterprise with transferable shares of stock |
| Indentured Servants | a person who came to America and was placed under contract to work for another over a period of time, usually seven years, especially during the 17th to 19th centuries. |
| Monopoly | exclusive control of a commodity or service in a particular market, or a control that makes possible the manipulation of prices. |
| Azilia | a species of flowering plant in the Apiaceae, the only member of the genus Azilia. |
| Pilgrims | a person who journeys, especially a long distance, to some sacred place as an act of religious devotion |
| Purtians | protestants who wanted to reform the Church of England |
| Commonwealth | a community in which people work together for the good of the whole |
| Triangular Trade | a pattern of colonial commerce in which slaves were bought on the African Gold Coast with New England rum and then traded in the West Indies for sugar or molasses |
| Cash Crop | a crop that is raised to be sold for money |
| Gullah | a member of a population of black Americans inhabiting the Sea Islands and the coastal regions of South Carolina, Georgia, and northeastern Florida. |
| Plantation Economy | an economy which is based on agricultural mass production, usually of a few staple products grown on large farms called plantations |
| Backcountry | a sparsely populated rural region remote from a settled area. |
| Great Wagon Road | a colonial American improved trail transiting the Great Appalachian Valley from Pennsylvania to North Carolina, and from there to Georgia. |
| Apprentice | a person legally bound through indenture to a master craftsman in order to learn a trade. |
| Dame School | a school in which the rudiments of reading, writing, and arithmetic were taught to neighborhood children by a woman in her own home. |
| Enlightenment | a philosophical movement of the 18th century, characterized by belief in the power of human reason and by innovations in political, religious, and educational doctrine. |
| Great Awakening | the series of religious revivals among Protestants in the American colonies, especially in New England, lasting from about 1725 to 1770. |
| Stono Rebellion | a revolt of enslaved Africans that caused great fear among colonists |
| Trustees | a person who holds the title to property for the benefit of another. |
| Mounds | an elevation formed of earth, sand, stones, etc., especially over a grave or ruins. |
| Charter of 1732 | document granting control of the colony or Georgia to the Trustees |
| Yamacraw Bluff | the site chosen for the first town in the colony of Georgia |
| Treaty of Svannah | Articles of Friendship and Commerce between the Trustees for Establishing the Colony of Georgia in America and the Chief Men of the nation of the Lower Creeks. |
| Palisade | a fence of pales or stakes set firmly in the ground, as for enclosure or defense. |
| Augusta | a city in E Georgia, on the Savannah River. |
| Battle of Bloody Marsh | this took place on July 18, 1742 (new style) between Spanish and British forces in the Province of Georgia, resulting in a victory for the British |
| Parishes | an ecclesiastical district having its own church and member of the clergy. |
| Commons House of Assembly | a group of Colonists elected to serve in the royal colonial legislature |
| French and Island War | Comprised two French military interventions in Madagascar between 1883 and 1896 that overthrew the ruling monarchy of the Merina Kingdom |
| Treaty of Paris | Treaty of Paris (1951), established the European Coal and Steel Community; though now expired, it was one of the foundational treaties of the European Union |
| Treaty of Augusta | Agreement negotiated by Governor Wright with the Creek that tripled the size of georgia |
| Acts of Trade | a series of laws that restricted the use of foreign ships for trade between Britain and its colonies |
| Sugar Act | A law passed by Parliament that provided for closer enforcement of merchants' sugar purchases |
| Quartering Act | Is a name given to a minimum of two Acts of British Parliament in the 18th century |
| Stamp Act | A law passed by Parliament that raised tax money by requiring colonists to pay for an official stamp |
| Townshend Acts | acts of the British Parliament in 1767, especially the act that placed duties on tea, paper, lead, and paint |
| Sons of Liberty | a group of colonists who opposed British policies and pressured merchants not to sell taxed items |
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