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Unit one AP Psych
Psychology's History and Approaches
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Carl Rogers | 1920's, Found behaviors to be too mechanistic |
Abraham Maslow | 1960's, found behaviorism's focus and learned behaviors |
William James | 1993, thought to consider the evolved functions of thoughts and feelings |
Psychology | Study of behavior and mental processes |
Applied Research Career Options | Industrial-Orgizational, human factors, counseling, clinical, psychiatrists, psychometrics |
Nature | Genetics, born with them, can't change |
Combine Perspective | Biological, psychological, and social-cultural. |
Nurture | Learn through experiences |
Influence | Behaviors or mental process |
Seven Contemporary Perspectives | Evolutionary, biological, behavioral, cognitive, humanistic, psychodynamic, social-cultural |
Edward Bradford | 1892, Wundt's student introduced structuralism |
Human factors | How people and machines interact in an environment |
Industrial-Orginizational | Applications of psych. concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in work places |
Applied Research | Aims to solve practical problems |
Educational | Affects teaching and learning |
Developmental Psychology | Physical, cognitive, and social change |
Basic Research | Science aims to increase scientific knowledge |
Psychometrics | Measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits |
Social Perspectives | Situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking |
Cognitive Psychology | All mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating |
Biopsychosocial Approach | Levels of analysis and offers a more complete pictures of any given behavior or mental process. |
Natural Selection | Nature selects the traits that best enable an organism to survive and reproduce in an environment |
Behaviorism | Psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes. |
Functionalism | Focuses on how our mental and behavioral processes work |
Structuralism | An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind |
Humanistic Perspective | How we meet our needs for love and acceptance and achieve self fulfillment |
Cognitive Perspective | How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information |
Behavioral Perspective | How we learn observable responses |
Psychodynamic Perspective | Behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts |
Evolutionary Perspective | Natural selection of traits promote survival of genes |
Biological Perspective | The body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences; genes combine with environment to influence individual differences. |
Social- Cultural | How behavior and thinking vary across different cultures |
Psychometrics | The scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits. |
Clinical Psychologists | Assess and treat mental, emotional, and behavior disorders. Provides counseling and therapy. |
Psychiatrists | Provide psychotherapy, medical doctors licensed to prescribe drugs and otherwise treat physical causes of psychological disorders. |