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Pathology Ch 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Disease | Any abnormal disturbance of the function/structure of the human body |
| Pathogenesis | Occurs after injury, and is the development of disease |
| Manifestations | observable changes |
| symptom | patients subjective perception of disease |
| sign | objective manifestation detected by physician |
| syndrome | group of signs and symptoms that characterizes a specific abnormal disturbance |
| asymptomatic | does not produce symptoms |
| Etiology | study of the cause of disease |
| nosocomial | disease acquired in a hospital |
| Iatrogenic | adverse responses to medical treatment itself |
| idiopathic | no causative factor can be identified |
| Acute | disease with quick onset and last a short period |
| chronic | disease that manifests slowly and lasts a long time |
| sequelae | lasting effects from acute or chronic disease ( neurological damage from stroke) |
| Diagnosis | name of a disease a individual is believed to have |
| Prognosis | predicted course and outcome of the disease |
| morphology | structure of cells or tissue |
| Epidemiology | investigation of disease in large groups |
| prevalance | number of cases found in a given population |
| incidence | number of new cases found in a given period |
| mortality rate | average number of deaths caused by a particular disease in a population |
| morbidity rate | incidence of sickness sufficient to interfere with an individuals normal daily routine |
| genome | entirety of an organisms hereditary information |
| physical maps | used to determine physical location of a gene on a chromosome |
| genetic maps | used to assign the distance between genetic markers |
| single-nucleotide polymorphisms | genetic variations of single DNA bases |
| haplotype | closely linked SNPs on a single chromosome |
| Atrophy | generalized decrease in cell size |
| hypertrophy | generalized increase in cell size |
| hyperplasia | increase in the number of cells in a tissue as a result of excessive proliferation |
| metaplasia | conversion of one cell type to another cell type that is normal for that tissue |
| dysplasia | abnormal changes of mature cells |
| congenital | disease present at birth and resulting from genetic or environmental factors |
| hereditary | diseases caused by developmental disorders transmitted genetically from parents/ancestors |
| inflammatory | disease that results from the body's reaction to a localized injurious agent |
| autoantibodies | when antibodies form against and injure the patients own tissue |
| autoimmune disorders | diseases associated with autoantibodies (rheumatoid arthritis) |
| infection | an inflammatory process caused by a disease-causing organism |
| virulence | ease with which an organism can overcome body defenses |
| degenerative | diseases caused by deterioration of the body |
| metabolism | sum of all physical and chemical processes in the body |
| traumatic | diseases that result from mechanical forces such as twisting or crushing of a body part or from the effects of ionizing radiation |
| neoplastic | disease results in new, abnormal tissue growth |
| benign neoplasm | composed of well-differentiated cells with uncontrolled growth |
| malignant neoplasm | loss of control of both cell proliferation and differentiation and changes functional capabilities |
| metastatic spread | spreading of cancer cells resulting in secondary tumor distant from primary lesion |
| hematogenous spread | spread via blood vessels |
| lymphatic spread | spread via the lymphatic system |
| invasion | cancerous cells spread into surrounding tissue by virtue of proximity of the areas |
| seeding | cancerous cells travel to a distant site or organ system |
| carcinoma | type of cancer derived from epithelial tissue |
| sarcoma | type of cancer that arises from connective tissue |
| leukemia | arises from blood cells |
| lymphoma | arises from lymphatic cells |
| "T" classification | size of tumur |
| "N" classification | lymph node involvement |
| "M" classification | distant metastasis (spreading to other parts of the body) |
| The prediction of the course and end of a disease and an outlook based on that prediction best defines its: | prognosis |
| A compression fracture of the lumbar spine that results from steroid treatments for pain reduction of arthritis would be an example of what disease? | Iatrogenic |
| A disease such as Tay-Sachs syndrome that is transmitted genetically is termed | hereditary |
| sickness sufficient to interfere with normal daily routine is termed | morbidity |
| Which is considered a symptom of a disease process? A- Bloody stool B- Nausea C- Skin Rash D- Swelling | B- Nausea because it is subjective |
| A disease that manifests slowly and is present for a long period of time is said to be: | chronic |
| which disease classification is usually associated with the normal aging process? | degenerative |
| if 4000 cases of a given disease are found in a give population, this is the: | prevalence of the disease |
| the relative ease with which an organism can overcome normal bodily defenses refers to: | virulence |
| a neoplastic growth is evaluated to determine its degree of histologic differentiation. This is termed: | grading |
| generalized increase in cell size refers to: | hypertrophy |
| what refers to abnormal changes in mature cells? | dysplasia |
Created by:
rachelreilly
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