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Understanding Pharm
Chapter 1 Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Absorption | Movement of a drug from outside the body into the bloodstream. (p.12) |
| Adverse drug reaction (ADR) or Adverse Effect | A drug effect that is more severe than expected and has the potential to damage tissue or cause serious health problems. Usually requires intervention. (p.9) |
| Agonist | An extrinsic drug that activates the receptor site of a cell and mimics the action of naturally occurring drugs. (p.7) |
| Allergic Response | Type of adverse effect in which the presence of the drug stimulates the release of histamine, and other body chemicals that cause an inflammatory response.Ranges from mild to severe. (p.10) |
| Antagonist | An extrinsic drug that blocks the receptor site of a cell, preventing the naturally occurring substance from binding to the receptor. (p.7) |
| Bioavailability | The percentage of a drug dose that actually reaches the blood. (p.12) |
| Black Box Warning | A notice that a drug may produce serious or even life threatening effects in some people in addition to i'ts beneficial effects. (p.10) |
| Brand Name | A manufacturer-owned name of a generic drug; also called a "Trade Name" or "Proprietary Name." (i.e. Tylenol is a brand name.) (p.4) |
| Cytotoxic | Drug action that is intended to kill a cell or organism. (i.e. Antibiotics kill bacteria.) (p.8) |
| Distribution | The extant that a drug absorbed into the blood stream spreads into the three body water compartments. (p.14) |
| Drug/Medication | Any small molecule that changes any body function by working at the chemical and cellular levels. (p.2) |
| Drug Therapy | The planned use of a drug to prevent or improve health problems. (p.3) |
| Duration of Action | the length of time a drug is present in the blood at or above the level needed to produce an effect or response. (p.11) |
| Elimination | The inactivation or removal of drugs from the body accomplished by certain body systems. (p.16) |
| Enteral Rout | Movement of drugs from outside the body to the inside using the gastrointestinal tract. (i.e. Enteric coated medication.) (p.12) |
| Extrinsic Drugs | Drugs that are man made (synthetic) or derived from another species; not made by the human body. (p.3) |
| First-Pass Loss | Rapid inactivation or elimination of oral drugs as a result of liver metabolism. (p.16) |
| Generic Name | National and international public drug name to indicate the usual use or chemical composition of a drug. (i.e. Acetaminophen) (p.4) |
| Half-Life | The time span needed for one half of a drug dose to be eliminated. (p.17) |
| Herbals | Natural products made from plants that cause a response in the body similar to that of a drug. Also called Botanicals. (p.5) |
| High-Alert Drug | A drug that has an increased risk of patient harm if used in error. (i.e. Heparin) (p.5) |
| Intended Action | Desired effect of a drug on a specific body system. (Main Effect) (p.3) |
| Intrinsic Drugs | Hormones, enzymes, growth factors, and other chemicals made by the body that change the activity of cells. (p.3) |
| Loading Dose | The first dose of a drug when it is larger then all subsequent doses. Used when it takes more drug to reach a desired effect then what it does to maintain it. (p.17) |
| Mechanism of Action | Exactly how, at a cellular level, a drug changes the activity of a cell. (p.6) |
| Metabolism | Chemical reaction in the body that changes the chemical shape or content of a drug, preparing it for elimination from the body. (p.15) |
| Minimum Effective Concentration (MEC) | The smallest amount necessary in the blood or target tissue to result in a measurable intended action. (p.11) |
| Over-The-Counter (OTC) | Drugs that are approved for purchase without a prescription. (p.4) |
| Parenteral Rout | Movement of a drug from outside of the body to inside of the body by injection. (p.12) |
| Peak | Maximum blood drug level. (p.18) |
| Percutaneous Rout | Movement of a drug from outside the body to inside by the skin or mucous membranes. (p.12) |
| Personal/Idiosyncratic Response | Unexpected adverse effects that are unique to the patient and are not related to the mechanism of action of the drug. (p.10) |
| Pharmacodynamics | Ways in which drugs work to change body function. (p.6) |
| Pharmacokinetics | How the body changes drugs; drug metabolism. (p.11) |
| Pharmacology | The science and study of drugs, and their effect on living things. (p.3) |
| Physiologic Effect | The change in body function as an outcome of the mechanism of action for a drug. (p.8) |
| Potency | The strength of an intended action produced at a given drug dose. (p.11) |
| Prescription | An order written or dictated by a state-approved prescriber for a specific drug therapy for a specific patient.(p.5) |
| Prescription Drugs | The legal status of any drug that is consider unsafe for self-medication or has a potential for addiction and is only available by prescription written by a state-approved health care professional. (p.5) |
| Receptors | Physical place on or in a cell where a drug can bind and interact. (p.6) |
| Sequestration | The "trapping" of drugs within a certain body tissue, delaying their elimination and extending their duration of action. (p.15) |
| Side Effects | Any effect on of a drug on body cells or tissue that is not the intended action of a drug. (p.3) |
| Steady State | The point at which the elimination of a drug is balanced with its entry, resulting in a constant effective blood level of a drug. (p.11) |
| Target Tissue | The actual cells or tissues affected by the mechanism of action or intended actions of a specific drug. (p.6) |
| Transdermal | Type of percutaneous drug delivery in which the drug is applied to the skin, passes through the skin, and enters the blood stream. (p.12) |
| Trough | The lowest or minimal drug level. (p.18) |
| Vaporized | Changing a drug from a liquid form to a gas that can be absorbed by the body through inhalation. (i.e. Nebulizer) (p.17) |
Created by:
Barrowfell
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