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Chapter One
Comparative Psychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Evolutionary theory explains the diversity of species that exist today as the result of __________ __________ that took place in the past. | reproductive competition |
| The theory of evolution use in modern biology is attributable to Charles __________. | Darwin |
| Reproductive competition between variants within a species is uncontrolled and __________. | unguided |
| Over time, reproductively dominant types will reshape the species in their __________. | image |
| Evolution requires three conditions. These conditions are __________, __________, and __________ __________. | variability, heredity, reproductive success |
| Because these conditions exist in nature, the modification of species occurs because of __________ __________. | natural selection |
| Animal breeding can be considered artificial selection because the variations in an animal that are selected for breeding are controlled by __________. | humans |
| Winning traits in the reproductive competition that occurs in nature are called __________. | adaptations |
| Behavioral ecologists who hypothesize how traits contribute to reproductive success are known as __________. | adaptationists |
| Genetic theory did not exist when Darwin published his theory of evolution in the year __________. | 1859 |
| Today we know that characteristics are controlled by hereditary units called __________. | genes |
| Alternative gene forms for a characteristic are called __________. | alleles |
| Reproductive success means that some allele will become __________ in the population. | common |
| Natural selection is seen as a __________ process because it has no end goal and is not guided by anything or anyone. | blind |
| The only reality about evolution is that traits that exist provided an advantage in __________ __________. | reproductive success |
| Hypotheses to explain evolution are tested by scientists by making __________. | predictions |
| Testing by making predictions is called the __________-__________ method. | hypothetico-deductive |
| To explain the mating behavior of the differ bee, how many predictions were made and how many were fulfilled? | three |
| Darwinian puzzles exist. These are traits/behaviors that seem to lower __________ __________. | reproductive success |
| A Darwinian puzzle existed when it was observed that male Hanuman langurs, a primate, kills infants. This behavior was initially thought to be an adjustment to __________ brought about by the artificial feeding of the animals by villagers. | overpopulation |
| The alternative explanation was that the male was not killing his own offspring but that of nursing females that he wish to mate with. Once a female stops nursing, the female returns to normal __________. | ovulation (Genetic tests confirmed that male langurs were not killing their own offspring). |
| This alternative explanation was proposed by a researcher name Hrdy and was called the __________ __________ hypothesis. | quicker reproduction |
| Similar behavior patterns were found in other mammalian species, providing striking evidence of individual __________ __________. | reproductive gains |
| When predictions are found to be true, hypotheses gain in __________. | acceptability |
| Misinterpretation of data and fraud can occur among scientists. A case in point was a supposed breakthrough in the treatment of Alzheimer's based on __________ __________. | embryonic stem cell |
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blitz0825
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