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Holt Intro to Matter
Intro to Matter Test Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space |
| Physical Property of Matter | Can be observed without changing the identity of the matter |
| Chemical Property of Matter | Substances ability to change into a new substance that has different properties |
| Examples of Physical Properties | Conductivity, state, malleability, ductility, solubility,density, color, shape and volume |
| Examples of Chemical Properties | Flammability and Reactivity; can only be seen when chemical change is happening |
| Physical Change | A change of matter from one form to another, but identity stays the same; No new matter |
| Chemical Change | One or more substances change into entirly new substances with different properties; New matter |
| Examples of Physical Change | Freezing, cutting, bending, dissolving and melting |
| Examples of Chemical Change | Burning wood, Soured milk, effervescent tablets |
| Signs of Chemical Changes | Change in coloror odor, production of heat, fizzing and foaming and sound or light being given off |
| SI (metric) unit to measure Mass | Gram (kilo- milli-) |
| SI (metric) unit to measure Length | Meter (kilo- centi- milli-) |
| SI (metric) unit to measure Volume | Liter (milli-) |
| Mass | A measure of the amount of matter in an object |
| Weight | A measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object; its value can change with the location of the object in the universe |
| Differences between Mass and Weight | 1. Mass is constant regardless of location in universe;Weight varies on location in the universe2. Mass is measured by using a balance; Weight is measured by using a spring scale3. Mass expressed in Grams; Weight expressed in Newtons |
| Volume | Amount of space taken up by an object |
| Graduated Cylinders | Measure the volume of liquids |
| Volume Formula for REGULARLY shaped solid objects | Volume= length*width*height |
| Volume for IRREGULARLY shaped solid objects | By measuring the volume of water the objects displaces |
| Measure volume of an apple | Submerge apple in a container of water and measure the volume of the water that the apple displaces |
| Density | The ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance; D= M/V |
| Density of object whose mass= 25g and volume= 10 cm3 | 25g/ 10 cm3 = 2.5 g/cm3 |
| Density to identify substance | useful physical property to identify substance; Substances have unique density; Density of substane is always the same at given temperature and pressure |
| Density of Water | 1.00 g/cm3 |
| Density of Silver | 10.50 g/cm3 |
| Density of Oxygen | 0.001331 g/cm3 |
| Solids | Definite volume & shape; atoms are closest together |
| Liquids | Definite volume, but NO definite shape; atoms slide past each other and move at medium speed |
| Gas | NO definite volume and NO definite shape; atoms move very fast and are spread apart |
| Change of State | change of a substance from one physical form to another |
| Melting | change of state when a Solid becomes a Liquid (SL) |
| Freezing | change of state when a Liquid becomes Solid (LS) |
| Evaporation | change of state when Liquid becomes Gas (LG) |
| Condensation | change of state when Gas becomes Liquid (GL) |
| Sublimation | change of state when Solid becomes Gas (SG) |
| Example of Melting | ice melting, 0 degrees C (energy added) |
| Example of Freezing | water freezing, 0 degrees C (energy removed) |
| Example of Evaporation | when a person sweats |
| Example of Condensation | beads of water form on cool surface |
| Example of Sublimation | Dry Ice |
| Temperature of substance as it changes state | As substance changes state, its temperatue remains constant until the change of state is complete |
| Endothermic | Energy is gained by substance as it changes state; example melting |
| Exothermic | Energy is removed fromthe substance as it changes state; example freezing |
| Element | A substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substance by physical or chemical means |
| Catagories of Elements | Metals, Nonmetals and Metalloids |
| Properties of Elements | Each element has a unique set of properties; may have share some common properties, different properties is haw to tell them apart |
| Metal | Element that is shiny and that conducts heat and electricity well |
| Nonmetal | Element that conducts heat and electricity poorly |
| Metalloid | Element that has properties of both metals and nonmetals |
| Compound | A pure substance made up of 2 OR MORE ELEMENTS that are CHEMICALLY combined |
| Mixture | A combination of 2 or more substances that are NOT chemically combined |
| Solution | A type of MIXTURE that appears to be a single substance |
| Atom | Smallest unit of an element |
| Electron | Subatomic particle that has a negative charge |
| Nucleus | Center of atom; Made up of Protons and Neutrons |
| Proton | Subatomic particle that has a postive charge; found in nucleus |
| Neutron | Subatomic particle that has no charge; found in nucleus |
| Atomic Number | # of Protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| Mass Number | Sum of Protons and Neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
| Atomic Mass | Mass of an atom expressed in atomic mass units |
| Period | Horizontal/Row of elements |
| Group or Family | Verticle/Column of elements |
Created by:
taytay96
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