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Anatomy and Phy
Ch. 7 Anatomy and Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| abductor muscles | muscles that separate the fingers |
| adductor muscles | muscles at the base of each finger that draw the fingers together |
| anabolism | constructive metabolism; the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones |
| anatomy | the science of the structure of organisms and of their parts |
| angular artery | artery that supplies blood to the sides of the nose |
| anterior auricular artery | artery that supplies blood to the front part of the ear |
| aorta | largest artery of the body |
| aponeurosis | tendon that connects the occipitalis and the frontalis |
| arteries | muscular, flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the capillaries throughout the body |
| atrium | one of the two upper chambers of the heart through which blood is pumped to the ventricles |
| auricularis anterior | muscle in front of the ear that draws it forward |
| auricularis posterior | muscle behind the ear that draws it backwards |
| auricularis superior | muscle above the ear that draws it upward |
| auriculotemporal nerve | nerve that affects the external ear and skin above the temple, up to the top of the skull |
| autonomic nervous system (ANS) | the part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary muscles; regulates the action of smooth muscles, glands, blood vessels, and heart |
| belly of a muscle | middle part of a musle |
| blood | nutritive fluid circulating through the circulatory system that supplies oxygen and nutrients to cells and tissues and removes carbon dioxide and waste |
| blood vascular system | group of structures that distribute blood throughout the body. |
| brain | largest and most complex nerve tissue; part of the central nervous system contained within the cranium |
| buccal nerve | nerve that affects the muscles of the mouth |
| buccinator | thin, flat muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaws |
| capillaries | thin-walled vessels that connect the smaller arteries to the veins |
| carpus | the bones of the wrists |
| catabolism | the phase of metabolism that breaks down complex compounds within cells; releases energy to perform functions |
| cell membrane | part of the cell that encloses the protoplasm; permits soluble substances to enter and leave a cell |
| cells | basic units of all living things |
| central nervous system | cerebrospinal nervous system consisting of the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves, and cranial nerves |
| cervical cutaneous nerve | nerve located at the side of the neck; affects the front and sides of the neck to breastbone |
| cervical nerve | nerve that originates at the spinal cord affecting the scalp and back of the head and neck |
| cervical vertebrae | seven bones that form the top part of the spinal column in the neck region |
| circulatory system | system that controls the steady circulation of blood through the body by means of the heart and blood vessels |
| common carotid arteries | arteries that supply blood to the head, face, and neck |
| corrugator | facial muscle that draws eyebrows down and wrinkles the forehead vertically |
| cranium | oval, bony case that protects the brain |
| cytoplasm | all of the protoplasm of a cell except that in the nucleus |
| depressor labii inferiorus | muscle surrounding the lower lip |
| diaphragm | muscular wall that separates the thorax from the abdominal region and helps control breathing |
| digestive system | the mouth stomach, intestines and salivary and gastric glands that change food into nutrients and wastes |
| eleventh cranial nerve | spinal nerve branch that affects the muscles of the neck and back |
| endocrine system | group of specialized glands that affect growth, development,sexual function, and general health |
| epicranius | broad muscle that covers the top of the skull |
| ethmoid bone | a light, spongy bone between the eye sockets forming part of the nasal cavities |
| excretory system | group of organs including the kidneys, liver, skin, large intestine, and lungs that purify the body by the elimination of waste matter |
| external carotid artery | artery that supplies blood to the anterior parts of the scalp, face, mouth and nose |
| external jugular vein | vein located at the side of the neck that carries blood returning to the heart from the head, face and neck |
| facial artery | artery that supplies the lower region of the face, mouth, and nose |
| fifth cranial nerve | chief sensory nerve of the face; controls chewing |
| frontal artery | artery that supplies blood to the forehead and upper eyelids |
| frontal bone | bone that forms the forehead |
| frontalis | anterior or front portion of the epicranius; muscle of the scalp |
| glands | specialized organs varying in size and function that have the ability to remove certain elements from the blood and to convert them into new compunds |
| greater auricular nerve | nerve at the sides of the neck affecting the face, ears, and neck |
| greater occipital nerve | nerve located at the back of the head, affecting the scalp |
| gross anatomy | the study of large and easily observable structures on an organism as seen through inspection with the naked eye |
| heart | muscular, cone-shaped organ that keeps blood moving through the circulatory system |
| histology | the study of the minute structure structure of the various tissues and organs that make up the entire body of an organism |
| humerus | uppermost and largest bone in the arm |
| hyoid bone | U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue at the front part of the throat |
| indirect division | the method by which a mature cell reproduces in the body |
| inferior labial artery | artery that supplies the lower lip |
| infraobital artery | artery hat supplies blood to the eye muscles |
| infratrochlear nerve | nerve that affects the membrane and skin of the nose |
| insertion of a muscle | the more moveable attachment of a muscle |
| integumentary system | the skin and its appendages |
| internal carotid artery | artery that supplies blood to the brain, eyes, eyelids, forehead, nose and ear |
| internal jugular vein | vein located at the side of the neck; collects blood from the brain and parts of the face and neck |
| lacrimal bones | small bones located in the wall of the eye sockets. (2) |
| levator anguli oris | muscle that raises the angle of the mouth and draws it inward |
| levator labii superioris | muscle surrounds the upper lip |
| lungs | organs of respiration |
| lymph | colorless watery fluid that circulates in the lymphatic system; carries waste and impurities from cells |
| lymphatic (immune) system | consists of lymph, lymph nodes, the thymus gland, the spleen, and lymph vessels that act as an aid to the blood system |
| lymph nodes | gland-like structures found inside lymphatic vessels that filter lymph |
| mandible bone | largest bone in the face; lower jawbone |
| mandibular nerve | branch of the fifth cranial nerve that supplies the muscles and skin of the lower part of the face |
| masseter | one of the jaw muscles used in chewing |
| maxillary bones | bones of the upper jaw |
| mental nerve | nerve that affects the skin of the lower lip and chin |
| mentalis | muscle that elevates the lower lip and raises andwrinkles the skin and chin |
| metabolism | a complex chemical process whereby cells are nourished and supplied with the energy needed to carry out their activities |
| metacarpus | contains the metacarpal bones in the palm of the hand |
| middle temporal artery | artery that supplies blood to the temples |
| mitosis | cells dividing into new cells (daughter cells) |
| mixed nerves | nerves that contain both sensory and motor nerve fibers; can send and receive messages |
| motor nerves | nerves that carry impulses from the brain to the muscles |
| muscular system | body system that covers, shapes and supports the skeletaltissue |
| myology | the study of the structure, functions, and diseases of the muscles |
| nasal bones | bones that form the bridge of the nose (2) |
| nasal nerve | nerve that affect the point and lower sides of the nose |
Created by:
BSPittsburgh
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