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Patient Assessment
Assessment
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Mydriasis and what can cause it to occur? | Dilated pupils; brain death, catecholomines, atropine. |
| What is Miosis and what can cause it to occur? | Constricted pupils: parasympathetic stimulants, opiates. |
| What two cranial nerves must be intact for the pupils to react properly? | Cranial nerve 2 & 3 |
| What does PERRLA stand for? | Pupils Equal Round Reactive to Light and Accommodating |
| What is ptosis? | Drooping of the upper eye lid (3rd cranial nerve involvement, congenital defects, cranial tumors, early signs of neuromuscular disease and vent failure |
| What is Diplopia? | Blurred or double vision |
| What is Nystagmus? | Involuntary cyclic movement of the eyeballs. |
| What mallampati score offers the greatest oral cavity view? | Grade 1 |
| Describe vesicular breath sounds | soft and low pitched |
| Describe bronchovesicular breath sounds | Slightly louder breath sounds (compared to vesicular) |
| Describe bronchial breath sounds | Loud (tracheal) |
| Describe crackles | Are intermittent, nonmusical, and brief - like dots in time. |
| Describe fine crackles (discontinuous sound) | Are soft, high pitched, and very brief (5-10msec) |
| Define coarse crackles (discontinuous sound) | Are somewhat louder, lower pitched, and not quite so brief (20-30msec) |
| Define Wheezes (continuous sound) | Are relatively high pitched and have a hissing or shrill quality |
| Define Ronchi (continuous sound) | Are relatively low pitched and have a snoring quality. |
| What are likely causes of wheezes? | Bronchospasm (asthma, bronchitis, and CHF) |
| Describe "early inspiratory" crackles | Opening proximal airways (asthma, emphysema, bronchitis) |
| Describe "late inspiratory" crackles | Opening peripherally. Atelectasis, pulmonary edema, fibrosis. |
| Describe "inspiratory and expiratory" crackles | Likely due to secretions (cleared by cough). |
| Describe the primary assessment | The rapid priority assessment of ABCs or immediate threats to life (bleeding? C-Spine?) |
| Describe the secondary assessment | Is the detailed approach to addressing all possible concerns or problems with the patient. |
| TICS | Tenderness, Instability, Crepitus, and Subcutaneous emphysema |
| BLS | Burns, Lacerations, and Swelling |
| DCAP | Deformities, Contusions, Abrasions, and Penetrations |
| CMS | Capillary refill. Mobility, and Sensitivity |
| SAMPLE | Signs & symptoms (chief complaint), Allergies, Medications, Pat history Last meal, and Events |
| DPI | Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage |
| FAST | Focused Abdominal Sonogram for Trauma |
Created by:
bcarew2
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