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Science 9 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Second Law of Thermodynmics | Heat never spontaneously flows from a cold substance to a hot substance |
| Gravity on Earth (little g) | 9.8m/s/s; the acceleration on earht |
| displacement | How far out of place an object is |
| net force | the total force acting on an object |
| support force | a force that cancels gravity |
| temperature | a measure of the average kinetic energy an object has |
| The Work Energy Theorm | Whenever work is done energy changes |
| Law of Conservation of Momentum | When no external force is applied, there is no change of momentum |
| system | a collection of objects you are studying |
| force pairs | forces that are equal in strength and opposite in direction and they occur at the same time |
| power | the rate at which energy is changed from one form to another |
| electron | a small negativley charged particle found outside the nucleus |
| weightlessness | an absence of stress and strain resulting from externally appplied mechanical contact |
| mechanical equilibrium | when the net force on an object is zero, its state of motion does not change |
| entropy | natural systems want to disperse their energy |
| Watts | the unit of power |
| energy | the ablility to do work |
| radiation | transfer of heat in the form of electromagnetic waves |
| parabola | a curve that is shaped like the path of something that is thrown forward and high in the air and falls back to the ground |
| momentum | mass x velocity |
| Kinetic Theory of Matter | matter is made up of atoms which are always moving |
| beta | a type of radiation where an elcetron is emitted during radioactive decay of the nucleus |
| carbon dating | the process of estimating the age of a once living material by measuring the amount of carbon present in the material |
| free fall | any motion of a body where its weight is the only force acting upon it |
| orbit | the curved path, usually elliptical, described by a planet, satellite, spaceship, etc. around a celestial body |
| fusion | the combinding of the nuclei of light atoms to heavier nuclei |
| fission | the splitting of a nucleaus of a heavy atom into two main parts |
| heat | thermal energy transferred from one substance to another because of the difference between the two substances |
| work | the product of force and distance |
| Newton's Third Law | When one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first |
| terminal velocity | the highest velocity attainable by an object as it falls |
| Newton's Second Law | The acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object. |
| natural motion | motion that occurs with a force |
| satellite | a smaller body that revolves around a larger body |
| nucleus | the center of an atom, contains the protons and neutrons |
| thermal expansion | molecules in a hot substance move faster and farther apart |
| Thrid Law of Thermodynamics | no system can reach a temperature of absolute zero |
| weight | the force due to gravity that acts on an object's mass |
| Conservation of Energy | Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred |
| inelastic collision | a collision were objects are deformed |
| Universal Gravitiaional Constant | the gravitional constant, approximently 6.613x 10>-11 Nx(m/kg)2 |
| Inverse Square Law | any physical law staing that a specificed physical quanity or intensity is inversable proportional to the square of the distance from the source that physical quanity |
| gamma rays | electromagentic radiation admitted by the nucleus of an atom |
| interia | the proporty of all matter allowing an object at rest ot stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion |
| elastic collision | a collison were the objects are no deformed |
| neutron | a neutral sub-particle found in the nucleus |
| Ohms law | the statement that current in a circiut varies in direct proprtion to the voltage and inversilty with resitance |
| group | a vertical colum in the periodic table |
| period | a horizontal row in the periodic table |
| kinetic energy | energy of motion |
| distnace | how much ground is covered while an object is in motion |
| half life | the time required for half the atoms in a sample of radioactive isotopes to decay |
| transmutation | the conversion of an atomic nucleus of one element into the atomic nucleus of another atom |
| volume | a measure of space |
| mass | the measure of how much matter an object contains |
| unnatural force | motion that occurs with a force |
| machines | a device for multiplying forces or simply changing the direction of a force |
| friction | a froce that opposes motion |
| projectile | any object thrown into space by the exertion of a force |
| impuse | the product of force and time |
| acceleration | the rate of change of velocity |
| isotopes | any member of a set of atoms of the same element whose nuclei contain different amount of neutrons |
| element | any material that is made up of one type of atom |
| effiency | a measure of work done for energy spent |
| velocity | speed with a given direciton |
| speed | the amount of distance per a unit of time |
| absolute zero | when all molecules have lost alll avalible kinetic energy |
| calorie | the energy rating of foods and fuels are measured by the energy released when they are burned |
| Impulse Momentum Relationship | the more impuse, the more momentum |
| Newton's First Law | an object in motion will stay in motion and an object at rest will stay at rest unless acted upon by an outside force |
| foce | a push or pull |
| convention | the transfer of heat by motion of a fluid |
| thermal energy | the total energy of all the atoms and molecules |
| electron shell | a regin of space around the atomic nucleus in which electrons are found |
| atomic mass | the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom |
| valence electron | an electron located in the outermost shell of an atom |
| potential energy | stored energy due to position |
| alpha | the weakest type of radiation can be stopped by a piece of paper, has two protons and two neutrons |
| First Law of Thermodynamics | whewnever heat flows into of out of a system, the gain or loss of thermal energy equals the amount of heat transferred |
| Proton | a positlvely charged particle of the nulcleus |
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