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Pharmacology Exam 2
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Why would you use aerosol delivery for a med? | Deliver drug to site of action with limited systemic effect. |
When aerosolized what happens if the particle size is too large? Too small? | Too large: it becomes an irritant. Too small: not effective |
Examples of pulmonary drugs: | Bronchodilators, Mucolytics, antibiotics, surfactants |
List three ways aerosolized drugs can be delivered. | 1. Nebulizers (liquid to fine mist); 2. DPI (Dry Powder Inhaler); 3. MDI (Metered Dose Inhaler) with the use of a propellant |
List some disadvantages to aerosol therapy. | Getting the correct dose to the appropriate location, Deposition of drug in oral mucosa, Altered breathing pattern |
What are three disadvantages specifically for Nebulizers? | Duration of treatment; Improper cleaning after each use (allows growth of infective agents); May experience greater side effects |
Atopy means: | Being predispositioned to allergic disease. This underlies most cases of asthma. |
What level is usually high with asthma? | Immunoglobulin E (IG E) levels are usually high |
Two features of an inflamed airway are: | 1. Widened smooth muscle; 2. Larger mucus glands |
The three goals when treating pulmonary disease such as asthma are: | 1. Terminate acute bronchial constriction; 2. Reduce Inflammation; 3. Reduce hypersecretion of mucus. |
What is unique about COPD airflow limitation? | It is not reversible. |
Treatment goals for COPD are: | 1. Reduce inflammation; 2. Relieve bronchoconstriction; 3. Reduce the risk of or treat infection; 4. Control the cough. |
What happens when a patient has COPD and gets a respiratory infection? | The function of the tissue in the lung fails, Extra secretions are present, the environment is warm and dark (Perfect breading ground for bacteria) |
Name two drugs that stimulate both beta 1 and beta 2 receptors? | Epinephrine and Isoproterenol |
What is the advantage of selective beta 2 agonists verses non=selective agonists? | Fewer side effects |
What are some uses for epinephrine as a pulmonary drug? | Acute bronchoconstriction; Rapid therapeutic effect; bronchiolitis; RSV, Status asthmaticus |
The term SABA refers to what? | Short Acting Beta Agonists which include ultra-short acting, short acting, and intermediate acting beta adrenergic agonists |
Ultra-short acting Beta 2 Agonists include: | Isoproterenol (Isuprel) and Isoetharine (Bronkosol) |
Short acting Beta 2 Agonists include: | Metaproterenol (Metaprel, Alupent); Terbutaline (Brethine); Pirbuterol (Maxair) |
Intermediate acting Beta 2 Agonists include: | Albuterol (Proventil); Levalbuterol (Xopenex); Bitolterol (Tornalate) |
Long acting beta 2 agonists include: | Salmeterol (Servent - no acute response) and Formoterol (Foradil - minor acute response) |
The term LABA refers to what? | Long Acting Beta Agonists |
Side effects of SABA and LABA when inhaled in high dose include: | Shaking, nervousness, and tachycardia |
Why would tachycardia be a side effect of beta 2 selective agonist when taken in high doses? | In high enough doses, it will attach to all the beta 2 receptors and the overflow will then attach to beta 1 receptors due to the affinity and dose. |