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Science Exam Review
Final Exam
| Question/Term | Answer/Definition |
|---|---|
| Compound | Substance in which atoms of two or more elements are combined in a fixed proportion. |
| Distillation | Separating substances by evaporating a liquid and recondensing vapor. |
| Solution | Homogeneous mixture of particles that will never settle to the bottom. |
| Suspension | Heterogeneous mixture containing a liquid in which visible particles settle. |
| Specific Heat | Used to identify an unknown substance. |
| Diffusion | Spreading of particles until even throughout. |
| Kinetic Theory | Matter is composed of small particles, which are in constant motion, and collide with each other and walls. |
| Plasma | Matter consisting of positive and negative particles. |
| Thermal Expansion | Increase in size when temperature increases. |
| Viscosity | Resistance of a fluid to flow. |
| Isotope | Atoms of same elements but different numbers of neutrons. |
| Quark | Smaller particles in atoms. |
| Critical Mass | Amount of material needed to produce one more fission reaction. |
| Strong Force | Force that attracts protons and neutrons. |
| Transmutation | Changing one element into another using radioactivity. |
| Sun's Energy | Nuclear Fusion. |
| Allotrope | Same elements, different molecular structure. |
| Diatomic Molecule | Two atoms of same elements in covalent bonds. |
| Metallic Bonding | Positively charged metallic ions are surrounded by electrons. |
| Radioactive Element | Nucleus breaks down and gives off particles and energy. |
| Transition Elements | Groups 3-12. |
| Transuranium Element | Elements with more than 92 protons. |
| Molecule | Comes from covalent bonding. |
| Polyatomic Ion | Positively or negatively charged group of atoms. |
| Catalyst | Speeds up reactions. |
| Inhibitor | Slows down reactions. |
| Precipitate | Insoluble compound formed from double-displacement reactions. |
| Dissociation | Ionic solid separates into its positive and negative ions. |
| Saturated Solution | Can hold all of the solute. |
| Solute | Substance being dissolved. |
| Solvent | Substance doing the dissolving. |
| Supersaturated Solution | More solute than a saturated solution at same temperature. |
| Unsaturated Solution | Can dissolve more solute at a given temperature. |
| Acid | Substance that produces hydrogen ions in solution. |
| Base | Substance that produces hydroxide ions in solution. |
| Buffer | Solution that react to additional acids and bases to lower effects. |
| Hydronium Ion | Hydrogen ion plus water, comes from dissolving acids into water. |
| Indicator | Organic compound that changes color in acids and bases. |
| Neutralization | Reaction between an acid and base. |
| Salt | Negative ions of base combing with positive ions of acid. |
| Soap | Organic salts. |
| Titration | Solution of known concentration is used to find concentration of another. |
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