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Chapter 7
Chapter 7 Memory Key Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Memory | the process by which we recollect prior experiences and information and skills learned in the past |
| Episodic memory | the memory of a specific event |
| Flashbulb memories | dear memories of emotionally significant moments or events |
| Semantic memory | general knowledge that people remember |
| Explicit memory | a memory of specific information |
| Implicit memory | a memory that consists of the skills and procedures one has learned |
| Encoding | the translation of information into a form in which it can be stored |
| Storage | the maintenance of encoded information overtime |
| Maintenance rehearsal | the repetition of new information in an attempt to keep from forgetting it |
| Elaborative rehearsal | a memory device that creates a meaningful link between new information and the information already known |
| Retrieval | Consists of locating stored information and returning it to conscious thought |
| Context-dependent memories | information that is more easily retrieved in the context in which it was encoded and stored |
| State-dependent memories | memories on which information is more easily retrieved when one is in the same physiological or emotional state as when the memory was originally encoded or learned |
| Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon | the belief that a piece of information is stored in our memory although we cannot retrieve it easily |
| Sensory memory | the first stage of memory |
| Iconic memory | the sensory register that briefly holds mental images of visual stimuli |
| Eidetic memory | the maintenance of a very detailed visual memory after several months |
| Echoic memory | the sensory register in which traces of sounds are held and may be retrieved within several seconds |
| Short-term memory | memory that holds information briefly before it is stored or forgotten |
| Primary effect | the tendency to recall the initial items in a series of items |
| Recency effect | the tendency to recall the last items in a series |
| Chuncking | the organization of items into familiar or manageable units |
| Interference | occurs when new information appears in short-term memory and takes the place of what is already there |
| Long-term memory | the type or stage of memory capable of large relatively permanent storage |
| Schemas | an ideal or mental framework that helps one organize and interpret information |
| Recognition | involves identifying objects or events that have been encountered before |
| Recall | to bring back to mind |
| Relearning | learning material a second-time, usually in less time than it was originally learned |
| Decay | the fading away of a memory |
| Infantile amnesia | forgetting of early events |
| Anterograde amnesia | memory loss from trauma that prevents a person from forming new memories |
| Retrograde amnesia | people forget the period leading up to a traumatic event |
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briannab0126
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