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Categories
Specific Drug Categories
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Depressant | general depression lack of interest inability to focus sleep dec muscle tone dec ability to move dec perception coma loss of reflexes resp failure death |
| Stimulant | Wakefulness mental alertness less fatigue hyperactivity excessive talking nervousness insomnia arrhythmia death USES: narcolepsy ADHD Obesity |
| Antianxiety and Sedative-Hypnotics | CNS depressants promote relaxation and sleep also used for spams, seizures, and depression |
| Antagonist Opioids | work quickly expelled quickly stronger used in pregnant women and people who are addicted bind to opioid receptors block transmission of pain impulse |
| NSAIDs | analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic inhibit prostaglandin synthesis inhibit enzymes COX 1 and COX 2 antiplatelet effects ceiling effect combined with opioids |
| Barbituates | inhibits function of nerve cells and potentiate GABA deprive REM sleep low therapuetic index used with caution in elderly no antidote enzyme inducer |
| Opioids | AKA: Narcotic depressant treats pain all routes |
| Calcium Channel Blockers | used for migraines used for chest pains, BP, arrhythmia dilate coronary and peripheral arteries (BP) Decrease contractility (angina) decrease electrical conduction (arrhythmia) grapefruit interacts |
| Triptans | serotonin agonist used cautiously with severe cardiac disease causes vasoconstriction |
| Benzodiazepines | widely used- Rx only mostly PO short term use only tolerance after 2 weeks requires 2-3 days to be effective doesn't suppress REM sleep |
| Short Acting Insulin | 4 hour peak |
| Long Acting Insulin | No peak |
| Intermediate Acting Insulin | 8 hour peak |
| Rapid Acting Insulin | 1 hour peak |
| Insulin | allows sugar into cell cold and clammy-give them some candy given SQ dosed in units check serum glucose know diet and meds check levels before meals |
| Expectorants | Liquefy respiratory secretions PO only |
| Leukotriene Modifiers | blocks Leukotrine, a chemical that causes bronchoconstriction and hypersensitivity *prevents/treats asthma--long term *PO |
| Corticosteroids | always take last rinse mouth afterwords suppresses inflammatory mediator |
| Adrenergics | stimulate B2 adrenergic receptors, which stimulate production of cyclic AMP *bronchodilate |
| Anticholenergics | Bronchodilators synergistic with adrenergic Used for Parkinson's (lower ACH levels) |
| Antihistamines | prohibit histamine action *bronchodilate *decrease congestion and edema *dry up secretions |
| Antitussives | decrease cough center- medulla decrease cough receptors- trachea/lung |
| Xanthines | relaxes smooth muscle bronchodilates stimulate cerebral cortex increase alertness and decrease fatigue check blood serum levels and HR mild diuretic |
| Mast Cell Stabilizers | prevent release of bronchocontrictive and inflammatory substances *prophlyaxis *inhaled |
| Osmotic Diuretics | increase osmotic pressure of glomerular *water pulled from extravascular into blood |
| Bile Acid Sequestrants | binds bile in intestines--forces liver to make more bile from cholesterol |
| Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors | inhibits absorption of cholesterol could be used with statins |
| Statins | HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors allows cholesterol to move instead of building up 6-8 weeks for results take at night monitor liver enzymes |
| Fibrates | increase oxidation of fatty acids and decreases hepatic production of triglycerides. lower VLDL higher HDL Contain -fibr- in word use with caution with statins |
| K Sparing and Combination Diuretics | act as distal tubule to decrease Na resorption and K excretion |
| Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor | decrease Na and H2O resorption Risk for acidosis |
| Loop Diuretics | inhibits Na and Cl resorption activate renal prostaglandins risk for neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity given IV |
| Thiazide Diuretics | lower resorption of Na, H2O and Cl and bicarbonate ion in distal convulated tubule |
| Thrombolytics | dissolve clots (MI, DVT, Stroke) end in -ase bleeding |
| Beta Blockers | used for fast arrhythmias |
| Direct Thrombin Inhibitors | inhibit thrombins abillity to convert soluble fibrinogen to fibrin and to activate factors 5, 7, 9 may lead to excessive bleeding and thrombocytopenia |
| Neuromuscular Blockers | Paralyze prevent nerve transmission in skeletal and smooth muscles NEVER given alone |
| Local/Regional Anesthesia | loss of sensation and motor activities peripheral nerve block epidural spinal end in CAINE |
| Dopamenergic | Try to raise dopamine levels in Parkinson's pts. |
| Amphetamines | increase norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin increase mood and alertness do weight and height in children |
| Angiotensin II Antagonist | don't allow angiotensin II to bind to receptors ARBS PO less S/E than ACE Cost more than ACE |
| Alpha-2 Receptor Agonist | decrease norepinephrine production: BV vasodilate reduce activity of renin (lower BP) |
| ACE inhibitors | doesn't allow angiotensin II to be produced decrease vasocontriction decrease Na and H2O retention Protects kidneys in diabetes pts teratogens NO NSAID USE (leads to renal failure) |
| Nitrates | vasodilate decrease cardiac workload dilate coronary arteries *prevent and treat angina |
| MAOIs | 3rd line use for antidepressants used only when no response to others interacts with larger number of drugs and foods |
| TCA | 2nd line antidepressant most PO at night also used for: enuresis pain insomnia |
| SSRI | 1st line antidepressant seratonin receptors Fewer S/E than TCA DO NOT GIVE WITH MAOI |
| SNRIs | 1st line antidepressant higher activity of seratonin and NE in brain |
| Phenothiazine antipsychotics | knock you out block dopamine receptors |
| Amylin Agonist | oral agent SQ shot give with meals use with insulin lower BS after meals slows gastric emptying enhance fullness |
| Biguanide | increases sensitivity of cells decreased glucose production decreased intestional absorption of glucose BID with meals stop 2 days before and after diagnostic tests--can lead to renal failure and lactic acidosis |
| Sulfonylureas | oral agent increase insulin secretions everyday with breakfast |
| Meglitinides | stimuloate release of insulin in response to meal TID AC do not take with sulfonylureas |
| Incretin Mimetics | SQ shot BID before breakfast and dinner used with oral hypoglycemic leads to insulin release in response to hyperglycemia decreases glucagon secretions decreases appetite slows emptying |
| Thiazolidinediones | oral agents aka glitazones take QD |
| Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors | oral agent delays digestion of carbs delays glucose absorption take TID w/ first bite of meals |
| DPP-4 Inhibitors | oral agent PO Qam Leads to insulin release decreases glucagon secretions slows emptying decreases appetite |
Created by:
katie.ann0612
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