click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Assignment 1210
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Atomic Number | the number of protons, and therefore also the total positive charge, in the atomic nucleus. |
Atomic Weight | The mass of a given atom, measured on a scale in which the hydrogen atom has the weight of one. Each proton and neutron has an atomic weight near one, the atomic weight is very nearly equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. |
Electron Affinity | the change in energy (in kJ/mole) of a neutral atom (in the gaseous phase) when an electron is added to the atom to form a negative ion. In other words, the neutral atom's likelihood of gaining an electron. |
Electronegativity | a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons. |
Atomic Radius | a measure of the size of its atoms, usually the mean or typical distance from the center of the nucleus to the boundary of the surrounding cloud of electrons. |
Metallic Character | the name given to the set of chemical properties associated with elements that are metals. |
Types of Chemical Bonds Formed | Ionic Bonds - the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ion. Covalent Bonds - a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. Metallic Bonds - the force that occurs between conduction electrons and + charged ions. |
Valence Electrons | the electrons in the outer shell of an atom. The valence electrons are the ones involved in forming bonds to adjacent atoms. |
Ionization Energy | the quantity of energy that an isolated, gaseous atom in the ground electronic state must absorb to discharge an electron, resulting in a cation. |
Melting Point | The melting point of a solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid at atmospheric pressure. At the melting point the solid and liquid phase exist in equilibrium. |
Number of Bonds Formed | Nonmetal atoms form one bond for every electron needed to complete the octet on the atom. Molecular compounds have definite formulas because nonmetal atoms have a definite number of valence electrons and a limited capacity to accept electrons. |