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Psychology
Final Exam For Chapters 1-14 Definition Keywords
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Psychology | behavior and mental processes |
| Fathers of Psychology | Psychology-William Wundt American Psychology-William James Behaviorism-John Watson |
| Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic | unconscious sexual or aggressive motives |
| Behavioral Perspective | study of observable behavior or stimuli |
| Humanistic Perspective | individuals strive to grow and show our highest potential |
| Cognitive Perspective | the brain is a computer; encode, process, and mental processes, thinking |
| Neuroscience/Biological Psychology Perspective | body and brain enable emotions |
| Evolutionary Perspective | evolution of behavior and mental processes |
| Social-Cultural Perspective | behavior and thinking vary across cultures |
| Placebo Effect | caused by expectations alone |
| Consciousness | awareness of ourselves |
| Alternate of Consciousness | mental states and waking consciousness |
| Meditation | group of techniques |
| Hypnosis | trance like state |
| Nature vs. Nurture | genetic endowment or learning experiences |
| Authoritarian | impose rules and expect obediennce |
| Permissive | make few demands |
| Authoritative | demanding and responsive |
| Erikson's 8 Stages of Psychosocial Development | 1) Infancy 2) Toodlerhood 3) Preschool 4) Elementary School 5) Adolescence 6) Young Adulthood 7) Middle Adulthood 8) Late Adulthood |
| Acquisition | initial stage |
| Generalization | tendency, after conditioning and similarly |
| Discrimination | ability to distinguish |
| Extinction | weakening of a conditioned response |
| Spontaneous Recovery | reappearance after a pause |
| Psychological Disorders | clinically significant desturbance |
| Deviant Behavior | judged abnormal |
| Distressful Behavior | individual's judgment |
| Dysfunction Behavior | day to day functions are being affected |
| The Biopsychosocial Approach of Understanding Psychological Disorders (Culture and Psychological disorders | schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, social anxiety, bulimia nervosa and some psychological disorders |
| DSM-5 | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual |
| Anxiety Disorders | maladaptive behavior |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorders | autonomic system arousal |
| Panic Disorder | long episodes of intense dread |
| Phobias | persistent, irrational fear |
| Specific Phobias | specific object/situation |
| Social Anxiety Disorder (formerly known as Social Phobia | irrationally fearful of embarrassing themselves |
| Agoraphobia | restrict normal activities |
| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) | unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and actions (compulsions) |
| Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) | a traumatic experiences |
| Dissociative Disorders | conscious awareness becomes separated |
| Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) | controversial rare disorder |
| Personality Disorder | inflexible and enduring behavior |
| Antisocial Personality Disorder | exhibits a lack of conscience |
| Substance-Related Disorders | substance craving |
| Depressants | reduce neural activity |
| Stimulants | excite neural activity |
| Hallucinogens | psychedelic drugs, distort perceptions |
| Mood Disorders | emotional states |
| Major Depression | long-lasting depressed mood |
| Bipolar disorder | depression and overexcited state |
| Schizophrenia | characterized by delusions |
| Psychotherapy | psychological difficulties, achieve personal growth |
| Biomedical Therapy | prescribed medications |
| Psychoanalysis | unlock the secrets of the unconscious |
| Free Association | whatever comes to mind |
| Dream Analysis | true meaning of dreams |
| Resistance | blocking from consciousness |
| Transference | patient's transfer |
| Interpretation | psychoanalyst's explanation |
| Psychodynamic Therapy | envolved from psychoanalysis |
| Humanistic Therapies | focuses on removing obstacles, personal growth, potential |
| Empathy | insightful awareness |
| Unconditional Positive Regard | no contingencies attached |
| Genuineness | awareness of one's own inner thoughts |
| Active Listening | listener echoes, restates |
| Carl Rogers'-Client-Centered/Rogerian Therapy | emphasizes the client's natural tendency |
| Behavior Therapies | unwanted behaviors |
| Exposure Therapies | techniques that treat anxieties |
| Systematic Desensitization | associating a pleasant, relaxed state |
| Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy | exposes people to electronic simulations |
| Aversive Conditioning Therapy | associating an unpleasant state |
| Token Economy | tokens for privileges or treats |
| Cognitive Therapies | teaches more adaptive ways of thinking |
| Cognitive-Behavior Therapies | cognitive therapy and behavior therapy |
| Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) | eliminate emotional problems |
| Group and Family Therapies | Therapy with 6-10 people/families |
| Family Therapy | family as a system |
| 3 Basic Benefits Offered By Psychotherapy | 1) Hope for Demoralized People 2) A New Perspective on one's self and the world 3) An empathic, trusting, and caring |
| Psychopharmaceuticals or Drug Theraoies | 1) Antipsychotic Drugs-treats schizophrenia 2) Antianxiety Drugs-control anxiety 3) Antidepressant Drugs-treat depression |
| Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) | brief electric current |
| Psychosurgery | removes or destroys brain tissue |
| Lobotomy | to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients |
| Examples of Therapeutic Live Changes | 1) Aerobic Exercises 2) Adequate Sleep 3) Light Exposure 4) Social Interactions 5) Anti-rumination 6) Nutritional Supplements |
Created by:
Bearlover
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