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Pharm. Gen. Principl
Ms. Love Pharmacology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pharmacology | study of drugs and their action on living organisms |
| Prescription drugs | drugs that the federal government has designated to be potentially harmful unless thier use is supervised by a licensed health care provider |
| nonprescription drugs | drugs designated by the FDA to be safe and obtained without prescription |
| controlled substances | most carefully monitored drugs that have a high potential for abuse and may cause dependence |
| psychological dependency | compulsion to use a substance to obtain a pleasurable experience |
| pharmaceutic phase | dissolution of the drug |
| pharmacokinetics | activities within the body after a drug is administered |
| half-life | measure of the rate at which drugs are removed from the body (time to elimiante 50% of the drug) |
| biotransformation | process by which a drug is converted by the liver to inactive compounds through a series of chemical reactions |
| receptor | speicalized macromolecule that attatches or binds to the drug molecule |
| agonists | drugs that bind with a receptor to produce a therapeutic response |
| antagonists | join with a receptor to prevent the action of an agonist |
| adverse reactions | undesirable drug effects |
| allergic reaction | hypersensitivity to a drug where the immune system views the drug as a foreign substance |
| anaphylactic shock | extremely serious allergic reaction that occurs shortly after drug administration |
| angioedema | allergic drug reaction causing collection of fluid in subq tissues |
| drug idiosyncrasy | any abnormal or unsusal reaction to a drug ex. sleeping pill makes you wide awake |
| drug tolerance | decreased response to a drug requiring an increase in dosage to achieve the desired effect |
| cumulative drug effect | body is unable to metabolize and excrete one normal dose of drug before the next is given |
| pharmacogentic disorder | genetically determined abnormal response to a normal dose of a drug |
| additive drug | combined effect of two drugs is equal to the sum of each drug given alone ex: alcohol + heparin=increased bleeding |
| synergism | drugs interact with each other and produce effect that is greater than the sum of thier actions |
| Polypharmacy | taking numerous drugs that can potnetially react with one another |
| chemical name | gives the exact makeup of the drug and placing of the atoms or molecular structure (it is not capitalized) |
| generic name | name given to a drug before it becomes official (not capitalized) |
| official name | Name listed in the United States Pharmacopeia-National Formulary; may be the same as generic name |
| Trade name | name registered by the manufacturer and is followed by the trademark symbol (first letter is capitalized) |
| names of drugs | chemical, generic, official, and trade/brand |
| teratogen | any substance that causes abnormal developement of the fetus |
| phases of oral drugs | pharmaceutic phase, pharmacokinetic phase, pharmacodynamic phase |
| pharmacokinetic phase activities | absorption, distibution, metabolism, and excretion |
| absorption | process by which a drug is made available for use in the bidy |
| distribution | systemic circulation distributes drugs to various body tissues or target sites |
| metabolism | biotransformation |
| excretion | elimination of drugs from the body usually through the kidney but also through sweat, breast milk, breath, feces |
| primary effect | desired or therapeutic effect |
| secondary effects | all other effects whether desirable or undesirable |
| factors that influence drug response | age, weight, gender, disease, and route of administration |
Created by:
gdemuth
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