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2nd ESO UNIT 10
Matter and Energy in ecosystems
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Global ecosystem of the Earth | ECOSPHERE |
Individuals of the same species which live in the same area | POPULATION |
It is an area which is occupied by a biocenosis and has its own physical and climatic characteristics | BIOTOPE |
All the living things that live in the same geographical territory | BIOCENOSIS |
It is a community of living things and their environment and includes all the interactions between them | ECOSYSTEM |
Natural environment in which an organism lives | HABITAT |
It affects animals'sleep patterns | LIGHT |
It can vary a lot in a terrestrial environment but not in an aquatic environment | HUMIDITY |
It increases considerably with depth in an aquatic environment | PRESSURE |
It is different in freshwater than in saltwater | SALINITY |
It has enormous influence on the development of live. | TEMPERATURE |
Factors that are variables of a biotope such as temperatura, light etc | ABIOTIC |
They take place between individuals of the same species | INTRASPECIFIC RELATIONSHIPS |
It is formed of at least one male and female of the same species, which mate, produce offspring and take care of their young. | FAMILY |
When a family is made of one male and one female, for example, pigeons. | MONOGAMY |
When a family is made up of one male and several females, for example, lions | POLYGAMY |
They are made up of individual organisms of the same species which can communicate with each other, and which often come from the same parent, for example, corals. | COLONIES |
They are made up of individuals from different families who live together to protect themselves, for example, gnus | HERDS |
They are made up of individuals of the same species but of different types that have obvious anatomical and physiological differences and which have an established division of work, for example, termites. | EUSOCIAL COLONIES |
They take place between individuals of different species | INTERSPECIFIC RELATIONSHIPS |
Two or more individuals from different species live closely together in a mutually beneficial relationship, for example, in lichens. | SYMBIOSIS |
It is a symbiosis that is only temporary. | MUTUALISM |
Two individuals from different species compete for access to a resource, such as territory, water or food. | COMPETITION |
One organism benefits by eating another species' leftover food, but the other organism isn't affected or harmed by its presence or by its behaviour. | COMMENSALISM |
One individual provides housing for an individual from a different species | INQUILINISM |
An individual from one species stalks, hunts, catches and feeds on an individual from a different species. | PREDATION |
One individual benefits from another individual which it seriously harms | PARASITISM |
It refers to the changes made by different organisms that occur in a species over many generations, which mean that they are better suited to their environment | ADAPTATION |
It flows through an ecosystem in one direction in an open system. It cannot be recycled in an ecosystem | ENERGY |
It flows through an ecosystem in a closed system. | MATTER |
It refers to all living things in an ecosystem that obtain matter and energy in a similar way and so occupy the same position in the food chain | TROPHIC LEVEL |
It is a linear representation of the feeding relationships between organisms at differetn trophic levels in an ecosystem. | FOOD CHAIN |
It is a graphical representatiion of the feeding relationships between species in an ecosystem, which combines several interrelating food chains | FOOD WEB |
They are autotrophic organisms. | PRODUCERS |
They feed directly on the producers | PRIMARY CONSUMERS |
They feed on primary consumers | SECONDARY CONSUMERS |
They feed on secondary consumers | TERTIARY CONSUMERS |
They transform organic matter into useful matter for producers | DECOMPOSERS |
It is a type of development which guarantees the needs of present generations but doesn't threaten the needs of future generations | SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT |