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SW/Central Asia Test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Crude oil | Petroleum as it comes out of the ground and before it has been refined or processed into useful products. |
| Nonrenewable resource | A resource that takes so long to form that it can't be replaced. Oil, which takes millions of years to form is such a resource. |
| Oil reserves | Oil that has been discovered but remains unused in the ground. |
| Renewable resource | A resource that can't be used up or that can be replaced quickly as it is used up. Sunlight is a renewable resource that cannot be used up. Wood is a renewable resource that can be replaced by planting more trees. |
| How oil forms | Plants and animals died in oceans. After time their remains turn into rock, but some remains don't. The weight of water, heat from the earth's core, and chemical changes combined to transform some of the remains into oil and natural gas. |
| Why so much oil is buried under southwest asia | Millions of years ago, the area was under water and when some tectonic plates hit, they created spaces where oil was formed and trapped. |
| Why per capita gdp isn't always an accurate reflection of people's wealth | Some people are very rich and some are very poor, so when the per capita is averaged out, it isn't very accurate. |
| Why some oil rich countries haven't been able to end poverty | The money that is made from oil doesn't go to helping people, but goes to war making the rich richer. |
| How oil has made the people of SW Asia better off | It brings them more than half of their economy. It also creates jobs and provides better living. |
| The goals of Southwest Asian OPEC members | Keeping a steady supply of oil flowing out of their coutries and keeping oil prices steady. |
| Two realities that have limited OPEC's power | They can't control all of the world's oil sales and they don't always act as a group. |
| Two types of coalition members in the Persian Gulf War | Oil importing countries and oil exporting countries. |
| Why oil importing and exporting countries were coalition members | The coalition victory sent the world a clear message. |
| The 5 most oil-rich countries in the world | Saudi Arabia, Iraq, U.A.E., Kuwait, Iran. |
| The 5 least oil-rich countries in the world | New Zealand, Australia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guatemala, Pakistan. |
| Capital city | A city that is the governmental center of a country or region. Sometimes a capital city is also a primate city. |
| Primate city | The largest and most important city in a country. A primate city has at least twice the population of the next largest city. It is a center of economic power and national culture. |
| Site | The specific place where something is located, including its physical setting. |
| Situation | The way a place is positioned in relation to its wider surroundings. |
| What happens as more and more people move to Istanbul | There are more problems. |
| What do people from rural areas migrate to primate cities looking for | Jobs, education, and excitement. |
| What primate cities are | Economic centers for business and trade. |
| What Istanbul is a center of | Plane, ship, and train travel. |
| What Istanbul connects Turkey with | The rest of the world. |
| Many primate cities are also what | Capital cities |
| Primate cities are what kind of capitals | Cultural. |
| What you can find in Istanbul that can highlight Turkey's culture | Goods and landmarks. |
| Environmental degredation | Damage to or destruction of the natural environment. When such a damage occurs, habitats are destroyed, biodiversity is lost, or natural resources are used up. |
| Groundwater | Water lying deep under the ground that supplies wells and springs. Over half the people in the world depend on groundwater for their drinking water. |
| Salinization | The buildup of salt in soil or water. |
| Water stress | The condition that occurs when people don't have enough clean fresh water to meet their everyday needs. |
| What life was like for farmers in the Aral Sea region when cotton was king | Irrigating a desert to grow cotton seemed to work well. The new crop provided jobs for local people, but the cotton used up more water because it was a thirsty plant. |
| How farmers have been affected by the shrinking of the Aral Sea | It changed the regions climate. The growing season decreased from the 200 days to only 170 days. Some areas have become too salty to grow crops. It has become a salty desert. |
| What life was like for people in the fishing industry when the sea was rich in fish | About 95 million pounds of fish were harvested from the lake each year. Fish canneries in Moynaq produced 20 million cans of seafood a year. This thriving industry supported about 35000 workers. |
| How the fishing industry was affected by the shrinking of the Aral Sea | Fisheries were left high and dry. The small amount of water that was left in the sea was too salty. The workers there had lost there jobs. Fish that lived in the water died. It decreased the population from 40000 people to 3000. |
| Life for the people of the Aral Sea region when water was plentiful | The sea provided water for nearby towns. There was enough water for household use and to irrigate crops on small farms. |
| How people's health has been affected by the shrinking of the Aral Sea | People became ill from drinking polluted water. They have stomach problems and liver disease. Breathing in the toxic chemical in the air would create health problems, throat cancer, and lung diseases. Pregnant woman would suffer from anemia. Babies born s |
| What salinization affects | Fresh water fish because the water is too salty for them so they die. |
| One major goal of OPEC | Keeping oil prices steady, not too high not too low. |
| How farmers can repair the environmental degradation of the sea | They can plant less thirsty crops. |
| The result of environmental degradation | Loss of biodiversity. |
| A SW Asian country that spends all its oil earnings on education and healthcare has a high ________ | HDI ranking. |
| Major difference between Istanbul and Ankara | Istanbul attracts more tourists. |
| What happens to water when salinization occurs | The water becomes salty. |
| The Hagia Sophia, Topkapi Palace, and the Blue Mosque all reflect what | Turkey's history and culture. |
| What is likely to draw someone from a rural area to a primate city to live | Jobs opportunities. |
| Where Ankara ranks in Turkey's urban hierarchy | Near the top. |
| What water stress is best defined as | A long-term shortage of water. |
| What religion do most people in SW/ Central Asia follow | Islam. |
| Where are primate cities mostly located on | Bodies of water. |
| What forces slowly turn the remains of plants and animals into oil | Underground pressure and heat. |
| What has contributed most to the creation of a new desert in farming lands | Cotton. |
| What religions SW/ Central Asia is the birthplace of | Christianity, Judaism, Islam. |
| What shapes economic activity in SW/ Central Asia | Petroleum and water. |
| True or False? Some countries have far more oil than others | True. |
| What helped Constantinople withstand many attacks | Being surrounded on three sides by water. |
| Is oil considered a renewable resource or a nonrenewable resource | Nonrenewable resource. |
| Why oil is considered a nonrenewable resouce | Because it takes millions of years to form. |
| The main cause of the shrinking of the Aral Sea | The increased use of rivers flowing into the sea for irrigation. |
| What defines the largest city in a country as a primate city | It has twice as many people as the next largest city. |
| Renewable energy resource | Wind. |
| Most important form of land use in SW/ Central Asia | Commercial farming. |
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