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chapter 17 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atom | the smallest particle of an element that still retains the properties of the element |
| Nucleus | positively charged center of an atom that contains protons and neutrons and is surrounded by a cloud of electrons. |
| Proton | particle, composed of quarks, inside the nucleus of an atom that has a charge of 1+. |
| Neutron | neutron particle, composed of quarks, inside the nucleus of an atom |
| electron | particles surrounding the center of an atom that have a change of 1- |
| quark | particles of matter that make up protons and neutrons |
| electron cloud | area around the nucleus of an atom where the atom's electrons are most likely to be found |
| Atomic number | number of protons in an atom's nucleus. |
| mass number | sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus |
| isotope | atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons |
| average atomic mass | weighted-average mass of the mixture of an element's isotopes |
| periodic table | organized list of all known elements that are arranged by increasing atomic number and by changes in chemical and physical properties. |
| group | vertical column in the periodic table |
| electron dot diogram | uses the symbol for an element and dots representing the number of electrons in the element's outer energy level. |
| period | Horizontal row in the periodic table the amount of time it takes one wavelength to pass a fixed point; is expressed in seconds. |