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Phase 2 - Block 2
Phase 2 - Block 2 (cardiology)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| horizontal small square measures | .04 seconds |
| horizontal large square measures | .20 seconds |
| vertical small square measures | 1 mm |
| vertical large square measures | 5 mm |
| horizontal axis measures | time |
| vertical axis measures | voltage in mm (mV) |
| Patient should be supine except for | COPD or physical deformities |
| Precordial leads | V1-V6 |
| V1, V2 placement | lateral to sternum at 4th intercostal space |
| V3 placement | centered between V2 and V4 |
| V4 placement | mid-clavicular, 4th intercostal space |
| V5 placement | anterior mid-axillary, 5th intercostal space |
| V6 placement | mid-axillary, 5th intercostal space |
| Types of artifact | somatic tremor |
| Electrical interference | 60 cycle - saw toothed pattern/obscures underlying rhythm |
| P-R interval normal interval | .12 - .20 seconds |
| P-R represents | atrial depolarization |
| QRS normal interval | .04 - .10 seconds |
| QRS represents | ventricular depolarization |
| U-waves taller than ____ are abnormal | 1.5mm |
| Inverted U-waves typically a sign of | ischemic disease |
| Atrial rate is determined by measuring | distance between P waves |
| Ventricular rate is determined by measuring | distance between R waves |
| Triplicate method | R wave on heavy line, next is 300, 150, 100,75, 60, 50.... bpm |
| 6 second method | count the number of complexes in a 6 second period (30 large blocks) and multiply by 10 or 3 second period (15 large blocks and multiply by 20) |
| 5 steps to interpret EKGs | rate, rhythm, p-wave, PR interval, QRS duration |
| Treat sinus bradycardia | isoproterenol, atropine, pacemaker |
| Treat sinus tachycardia | isoproterenol, atropine, pacemaker |
| Wandering pacemaker | variation of P wave (3 or more) |
| Sick sinus syndrome | several abnormalities; high incidence of lethal arrhythmia |
| Supraventricular arrhythmia | premature atrial contractions (PAC), premature p-waves with different morphology |
| Treat supraventricular arrhythmia | digitalis, beta-blocker, calcium antagonists |
| Treat A-Flutter (saw tooth) | synchronized cardioversion, digitalis, verapamil, beta-blockers |
| Treat A-Fib | anti-coagulant, digitalis, beta-blockers, calcium antagonists, synchronized cardioversion |
| Treat SVT | digitalis, lidocaine, beta-blockers, carotid sinus massage, valslva maneuvers, immerse pt's face in ice water |
| Treat AV Junctional Escape | atropine |
| Treat WPW | cardioversion, digitalis, beta blockers, surgery |
| Treat Junctional | withhold drugs, atropine, pacemakers |
| Treat AV Block | isoproterenol, atropine, pacemaker |
| Treat PVCs | Isoproterenol, atropine, lidocaine, beta blockers |
| Treat V-tach without hemodynamic decompensation | lidocaine, procainamide |
| Treat V-tach with hemodynamic collapse | cardiovert, precordial thump, ventricular pacing |
| Torsades de Pointes | isoproterenol, pacing, anti-arrhythmics |
| V-fib and V-flutter | defibrillation, CPR, lidocaine, procainamide, bretylium, therapy |
| CPK enzyme | elevates in 1-3 hours peaks in 24 hours normal in 3 - 4 days |
| SGOT enzyme | elevates several hours after peaks in 1.5 - 3 days normal in 4-5 days |
| LDH enzyme | elevates 48 hours peaks 4-7 days normal in 2 weeks |
| Triponin I | elevates 4-6 hours peaks 12-16 hours |
Created by:
hspointon
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