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Psychology
Chapter 13 & 14
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| A SYNDROME marked by a clinically significant DISTURBANCE in a person’s thoughts, feelings, or behavior. | Psychological disorder |
| Normal vs. Abnormal behavior : Important to keep in mind that normal and abnormal is best represented along a Continuum. | Psychological disorder |
| Statistical frequency,behavior being JUDGED abnormal if it occurs infrequently (not very often ) in a given population . ROAD-RAGE fussing NORMAL; RUNNING sowing off the roads not ANGER MANAGEMENT EX. | Deviant behavior |
| Whether or not a PERSON's normal day to day functions r being affected like getting along w/ others ,HOLDING a JOB,EATING PROPERLY,CLEANING Themselves. Their ability to think clearly & Act rationally may also be affected.(ALCOHOLICS & can't go to work.) | Dysfunctional Behavior |
| Psychological disorders "sicknesses" tilts research heavily toward the influence of our personal histories & social & cultural surroundings . | Biophysical Approach |
| determining whether an individual has a psychological disorder & several calculations that must be made.(Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental DISORDERS , widely used system for classifying PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS. | DSM-V |
| Psychological Disorder characterized by distressing , PERSISTENT anxiety or MALADAPTIVE behaviors that reduce anxiety( Ex. A man w/ fear of social settings may avoid goin out)MALADAPTIVE biz it may reduce his anxiety but does not help him cope w/ his worl | Anxiety Disorder |
| Unreasonable ,often paralyzing,anxiety or fear ,occur twice as often in women than men ,most frequently occurring category in general population. | Anxiety Disorder |
| We all have situations where we may experience accelerated breathing and increased heart rate (final exams,job interviews ), but this is so intense & chronic it seriously disrupt lives. | Anxiety Disorders |
| Disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (Dissociated ) from previous MEMORIES ,THOUGHTS, and FEELINGS. | Dissociative Disorders |
| Disorders characterized by inflexible & enduring behavior patterns that IMPAIR SOCIAL FUNCTIONING. | Personality Disorders |
| Continued substance craving & use despite significant life disruption & or physical risk. | Substance use Disorder / Substance related Disorder |
| EXTREME DISTURBANCES in emotional states; 2 main types BIPOLAR & MAJOR depressive disorder | Mood Disorders |
| (Anxiety last for 6 months ) disorder in w/c a person is continually tense,fearful, & in a state AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM AROUSAL. | Generalized Anxiety Disorder |
| Disorder marked by unpredictable minutes- long episodes of intense dread in w/c a person experiences terror & accompanying chest pain,choking or other frightening sensations. | Panic Disorder |
| Disorder marked by a persistent , IRRATIONAL FEAR & avoidance or a specific object or situation . | Phobias |
| Disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (OBSESSIONS) and or Actions ( Compulsions ) Ex. Fear of GERMS ,being hurt,troubling religion or sexual thoughts ,also repeatedly checking,counting,cleaning,washing body parts or putting things in cer | Obsessive -Compulsive Disorder ( OCD ) |
| disorder characterized by haunting memories,nightmares ,social withdrawal ,jump anxiety ,numbness of feeling , & or insomnia lingering for four weeks or more after traumatic experience | Post - Traumatic Stress Disorder |
| controversial rare disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct & alternating personalities ( formally known as MULTIPLE PERSONALITY DISORDER ) | Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) |
| (Older terms sociopath/psychopath ) A personality disorder in w/c the person ( USSUALLY a MAN) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing ,even toward friends & family members. | Antisocial Personality Disorder |
| Drugs that reduce neutral activity & slow body functions. | Depressants |
| Depressant drugs example | Alcohol,barbiturates,opiates |
| Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions . | Stimulants Mahfouz rhythm |
| Stimulant drugs example | ( Caffeine ,nicotine ,amphetamines,cocaine ,ecstasy ) |
| PSYCHEDELIC drugs that distort perceptions & evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input ( LSD , ( ACID ) , Marijuana ) | Hallucinogens |
| LONG-LASTING depressed mood that interferes with the ability to function ,feel pleasure , or maintain interest in life. | Major depressive disorder |
| a MOOD disorder in which the person alternates between the HOPELESSNESS & LETHARGY of depression & the OVEREXCITED state of MANIA. | Bipolar Disorder |
| Treatment involving psychological techniques ; interactions between a trained therapist & someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth. | Psychotherapy |
| PRESCRIBED MEDICATIONS or procedures that act directly on the person's physiology. | Biomedical Therapy |
| The point is to unlock the secrets of the unconscious ,remember psychoanalysis emphasizes unconscious conflicts & processes. in therapy they try to get beyond defense mechanisms of the EGO,and brings issues into consciousness. | Psychoanalysis |
| Therapy that focuses on removing obstacles that block PERSONAL GROWTH and POTENTIAL. | Humanistic Therapies |
| Believed that people are SUFFERING from a disruption from their NORMAL GROWTH POTENTIAL,w/c in turn affects self-concept. (Self accepting ,genuine person is capable of being.)CARL ROGERS | Humanistic Therapies |
| Therapy that applies LEARNING PRINCIPLES to the elimination of unwanted behaviors . | Behavioral Therapies |
| Therapy that TEACHES PEOPLE NEW, more adaptive ways of thinking ; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events & our emotional reactions. | Cognitive therapies |
| Therapy ussually with 6-10 people of families ; research indicates it is just as effective as individual therapy | Group and family therapy |
| Reporting whatever comes to mind without monitoring its contents. | Free Association |
| Interpreting the underlying true meaning of dreams to reveal unconscious processes . | Dream Analysis |
| The blocking from conscious of ANXIETY - LADEN material. | Resistance |
| The patients transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships ( Also countertransference) | Transference |
| The Psychoanalyst's explanation of a patients FREE ASSOCIATIONs,DREAMS,RESISTANCE, and TRANSFERENCE. | Interpretation |
| CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVE that evolved from psychoanalysis: | Psychodynamic Therapy |
| Person-Centered Therapy - therapy that emphasizes the clients natural tendency to become healthy and productive . | Client- Centered Therapy (Carl Rogers ) |
| An INSIGHTFUL AWARENESS & ability to share another's inner experience . | Empathy |
| LOVE & ACCEPTANCE with no contingencies attached. | Unconditional Positive Regard |
| The awareness of one's own TRUE INNER THOUGHTS and feelings & being able to share them honestly with others. | Genuinness/ authenticity |
| EMPATHETIC LISTENING in which the listener echoes,restates and clarifies. | Active listening |
| COUNTERCONDITIONING - using classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors ; Examples : EXPOSURE THERAPY & AVERSIVE CONDITIONING | Classical conditioning techniques |
| BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION - reinforcing behaviors that are desirable , & fail to reinforce - or sometimes punish - behaviors they consider undesirable. | Operant conditioning techniques |
| Combines COGNITIVE THERAPY ( changing faulty thinking ) with behavior therapy ( Changing faulty behaviors ) | Cognitive- Behavioral Therapy |
| goal is to ELMINATE EMOTIONAL PROBLEMS rational examination of irrational beliefs . ussually resul from " SHOULDS " & " MUSTS" | Rational - Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) |
| Treats the family as a system ; views an individual's unwanted | Family Therapy |
| 3 basics benefits offered by all psychotherapies | Hope for demoralized people,a new perspective on one's self & the world,An Empathetic ,trusting,& caring relationship. |
| 3 kinds Iof BIOMEDICAL THERAPIES. | Psychopharmaceuticals or Drug Therapies (Categories of Drugs) ,Brain stimulation (ECT),Psychosurgery ( LOBOTONOMIES ) |
| Examples of Therapeutic Life-Style Change | Aerobic exercise , Adequate sleep, light exposure,social interactions ,anti- rumination,Nutritional supplements . |
| The scientific study of BEHAVIOR & MENTAL processes. | Psychology |
| Known as the "FATHER OF PSYCHOLOGY" ( Philosopher and Physiologist ) | WILHELM WUNDT |
| Known as the " FATHER OF AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGY" ( American Philosopher ) | WILLIAM JAMES |
| Father of BEHAVIORISM | JOHN WATSON |
| Results caused by EXPECTATIONS alone. | PLACEBO EFFECT |
| Our AWARENESS OF OURSELVES and our ENVIRONMENT. | Consciousness |
| Mental states,other than ordinary walking consciousness,found during sleep ,dreaming ,Psychoactive drug use ,hypnosis ,meditation , etc. | ALTERNATE STATES of CONSCIOUSNESS ( ASCs) |
| Group of Techniques designed to refocus attention,block out all distractions , & produce an alternate state of consciousness. | Meditation. |
| Trancelike state of heightened suggestibility ,deep relaxation,and intense focus ; also considered a social interaction in which one person ( hypnotist) suggests to another (subject ) that certain perceptions,feelings,thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneo | Hypnosis |
| controversy over whether individual differences are the result of genetic endowment (nature) or the consequence of learning, i.e. experiences (nurture) | Nature Vs. Nurture controversy |
| impose rules and expect obedience, but are not very warm and responsive; “Keep your room clean.” “Don’t stay out late or you’ll be grounded.” “Why? Because I said so.” | Authoritarian |
| submit to their children’s desires, make few demands, and use little punishment. | Permissive |
| both demanding and responsive, set rules and enforce them but also explain the reasons, and, for older children, encourage open discussion and allow exceptions when making the rules. | Authoritative |
| the initial stage, when we link a neutral stimulus (NS) and an unconditioned stimulus (US) so that the neutral stimulus (NS=CS) begins triggering the conditioned response (CR) | Acquisition |
| the tendency, after conditioning, to respond similarly to stimuli that resemble the conditioned stimulus (CS) | Generalization |
| the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus (CS) and other irrelevant stimuli | Discrimination |
| the weakening of a conditioned response (CR) when an unconditioned stimulus (US) does not follow a conditioned stimulus (CS) | Extinction |
| the reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response (CR) | Spontaneous Recovery |
| Associating a pleasant,relaxed state with gradually increasing,, ANXIETY-TRIGGERING stimuli ( commonly used to treat Phobias) | Systematic Desensitization ( exposure therapy ) |
| An anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to electronic simulations of their GREATEST FEARS. ( Airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking ) | Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy |
| INDIVIDUAL's JUDEGEMENT of his/her level of functioning ;causing them emotional distress,sometimes causes OCD ,Ex. HOARDING,people get depressed but don't feel there is nothing they can do. | Distressful behavior |
| - A psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression | Schizophrenia |
| -behavioral techniques that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actual situations) to the things they fear and avoid; 2 techniques | Exposure Therapies |
| associating an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior (like when therapists give alcoholics drinks laced with severe nausea drugs, or you give a nail-biter that awful tasting polish | Aversive Conditioning |
Created by:
sunflowersplace
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