Question
A. blue-green to green
B. bluish green to green
C yellow-green to green
D. yellowish green to green
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Question
A. Iron
B. Titanium
C. Vanadium
D. Chromium
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Colored Stones
Q & A 15-27
Question | Answer |
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The most desirable emerald hues are A. blue-green to green B. bluish green to green C yellow-green to green D. yellowish green to green | B. bluish green to green |
Which element increases the amount of blue in an emerald's color A. Iron B. Titanium C. Vanadium D. Chromium | A. iron |
The trade term "Zambian" describes emeralds with A.lighter tone then Brazilian B. lighter tone then Colombian C.More bluish color and darker tone then "Colombian" D.less bluish color and more saturation then Colombian | C. more bluish color and darker then "Colombian" |
Brazilian emeralds are mined from A. limestone B. hydrothermal deposits C. solidified volcanic magma D.pegmatites, where they intersect with schists | D.pegmatites, where they intersect with schists |
To emphasize the most desirable color, cutters orient a fashioned emerald with its table A. parallel to the crystal length B. perpendicular to the crystal length C.at a 45* angle to the crystal length D. at a 30* angle to the crystal length | B. perpendicular to the crystal length |
What's the estimated percentage of fashioned emeralds that contain filled fractures? A. 10 B. 30 C. 60 D. 90 or more | D. 90 or more |
Which two countries account for more then 75% of emerald purchase worldwide? A. US and Japan B. China and Japan C. US and Germany D. Germany and Japan | A. US and Japan |
The four major emerald sources are Colombia, Zambia, Brazil and A. Russia B. Pakistan C. Myanmar D. Zimbabwe | D. Zimbabwe |
One of Colombia's traditional emerald mines is called A. Goias B. Bahia C. Coscuez D.Mina Gerais | C. Coscuez |
Compared with emeralds from other sources, emeralds from African mines A. are very large B. are less saturated in color C. generally contain more fractures D. generally contain fewer fractures | D. generally contain fewer fractures |
Trapiche emeralds were first discovered in A. Muzo B. Bahia C. La Pita D. Kafubu | A. Muzo |
Emeralds were discovered in Zambia in A. 1890's B. 1930's C. 1950's D. 1970's | B. 1930's |
Zambian emerald crystals are typically A. well formed B. flat and tabular C. irregular in shape D. long and prismatic | C. irregular in shape |
The Sandawana emerald mine was discovered in the A. 1920's B. 1950's C. 1970's D. 1980's | B. in the 1950''s |
Who produced a hydrothermal synthetic emerald layer over faceted beryl seed in the 1960? A. Linde B. Gilson C. Chatham D. Lechleitner (15) | D. Lechleitner |
Pearl is A. a crystal B. a mineral C. an organic gem D. an inorganic gem | C. an organic gem |
Aragaonite is a crystallization form of A. Silica B. nacre C. conchiolin D. calcium carbonate | D. calcium carbonate |
By what date had Kokichi Mikimoto began culturing whole pearls A. 1908 B. 1920 C. 1932 D. 1954 | A. 1908 |
Which industry directly contributed to the decline of the natural pearl industry? A. oil B. textiles C. tourism D. electronics | A. oil |
The first South Sea cultured pearl farm was cultured in which country? A. Japan B. Tahiti C.China D. Austrialia | D. Australia |
Saltwater whole cultured pearl grow from a A. parasite B. bead nucleus only C. mantle-tissue piece only D. mantle tissue piece and bead nucleus | D. mantle tissue piece and bead nucleus |
The majority of freshwater whole cultured pearls grow from A. parasite B. bead nucleus only C. mantle-tissue piece only D. mantle-tissue piece and a bead nucleus | C. mantle-tissue piece only |
In the early 1990's, oysters in many important Japanese cultured pearl farming areas began to A. multiply rapidly B. produce larger pearls C. stabilize their number D. die off in massive numbers | D. die off in massive numbers |
The four major types of cultured whole pearls are akoya, South Sea, freshwater and A. rice B. Thai C. blister D. Tahitian | D. Tahitian |
South Sea cultures pearls are produced principally in Australia, Idonesia A. India B. Tahiti C. Japan D. the Philippines | D. The Phillipines |
The oyster used to grow Tahitian cultured pearls is A. Pinctada fucata B. Pinctada maxima C. Hyriopsis cuminingi D. Pinctada margaritifera | D. pinctada margaritifera |
The nacreous layer inside a pearl-bearing mollusk's shell is called A. mantle B. the gonad C. conchiolin D. mother-of-pearl | D. mother-of-pearl |
Which country produces the most freshwater cultured pearls? A. Japan B. China C. Australia D. United States | B. China |
A number of similar cultured pearl strands bundled together is called a A. hank B. mabe` C. bushel D. pearl sac | A. hank |
Seed pearls are A. small imitation pearls B. very small natural pearls C. cultured pearls without a bead nucleus D. accidental byproducts of the pearl culturing process (16) | B. very small natural pearls |
In pearl culturing, the most difficult shape to produce is A. oval B. drop C. round D. baroque | C. round |
The largest gem-quality natural pearl known is A. Qajar B. Dudley C. Oriental D. La Peregrina | B. Dudley |
Pearl colors are A. intense B. low in saturation C. high in saturation D. always light in tone | B. low in saturation |
In the trade, Tahitian cultured pearls with dark green-gry to blue-gray bodycolor and rose` to purple overtones are called A. peacock B. lavender C. pistachio D. aubergine | A. peacock |
Which overtone color increases the value of akoya cultured pearls with white bodycolor A. Rose` B. Green C. Brown D. Yellow | A. Rose` |
when mollusks live in cooler water, they form A. larger pearls B. pearls with higher luster C. pearls with thicker nacre D. pearls with darker bodycolor | B. pearls with higher luster |
Pearls that show noticeable surface characteristics are A. lightly blemished B. heavily blemished C. severely blemished D. moderately blemished | D. moderately blemished |
The best way to clean pearls is withA. a steam cleaner B. an ultrasonic cleaner C. warm, mild soapy water D. commercial jewelry cleaners | C. warm,mild soapy water |
The nacre quality classification described as "Nucleus not noticeable, no chalky appearance" isA. fair B. excellent C. very good D. acceptable | D. acceptable |
The matching level that describes a group of pearls that have minor variations in uniformity is A. fair B. good C. excellent D.Very good | B. good |
Farmers of every cultured pearl type do at least which of these after harvest?A. wash, dry, and sort B. dry, bleach, and sort C. wash, bleach and tint D. wash, dry and irradiate | A. wash, dry, and sort |
Usually, the diameters of the cultured pearls in a hank vary from each other by no more then A. 0.5mm B. 1 mm C. 1.5 mm D. 2 mm | A. O.5mm |
Essence d`orient is a mixture of A. plastic and calcite B. aragonite and varnish C. fish scales and varnish D. aragonite and conchiolin | C fish scales and varnish |
What happens when saltwater cultured pearls are exposed to gamma rays A. nacre lightens B. nacre darkens C. bead nucleus darkens D. nacre and bead nucleus darken (17) | C. bead nucleus darkens |
Where was jadeite first fashioned and used as an ornamental object A. China B. Australia C. East Africa D. Central America | A. China |
The finest-quality jadeite is called A. Imperial B. Transvaal C. spinach green D. moss-in-snow | A. Imperial |
Jadeite finest green color is caused A. iron B. vanadium C. chromium D. color center | C. Chromium |
The most valuable level of transparency in jadeite is A. opaque B. translucent C. transparent D. semitransparent | D. semitransparent |
The toughness of jadeite is A. fair B. good C. excellent D. exceptional | D. exceptional |
The finest texture category of jadeite is known as A. top mine B. old mine C. new mine D. relatively old mine | B. old mine |
Type B jadeite is A. dyed jadeite B. untreated jadeite C. irradiated jadeite D. bleach and impregnated jadeite | D. bleach and impregnated |
Type C jadeite is A. dyed jadeite B. synthetic jadeite C. untreated jadeite D.irradiated jadeite | A. dyed jadeite |
In Myanmar, the center if the jadeite-mining district is A. Mogok B. Hpakan C. Rangoon D. Mong-Hsu | B. Hpakan |
Spots of color near the surface of a jadeite boulder, where the skin us thin enough to see trough, are called A. slices B. cracks C. windows D. Show points | D. show points |
Guatemala recently emerged as a valuable source of which of the following jadeite colors? A. black B. orange C.lavender D.moss-in-snow | A. Black |
Polar jade is actually a very fine-quality A. jadeite B. nephrite C. idiocrase D. serpentine | B. nephrite |
New Zealand is a major source of A. Jadeite B. nephrite C. idiocrase D. hydrogrossular | B nephrite |
Opal is composed primarily of A. silica B. carbon C. beryllium D. aluminum | A. sillica |
Most opal formed A. 15 to 30 thousand years ago B. 150 to 300 thousand years ago B. 15 to 30 million years ago D. 150 to 300 million years ago | A. 15 to 30 thousand years agao |
Most opal contains A. 3 to 10% water B. 15 to 20% water C. 25 to 30% water D. 30 to 25 % water | A. 3 to 10% water |
What is semi-black opal's background color A. black B. brown C. grayish D. dark purple | C. grayish |
What is the transparency of gray-base black opal? | A. opaque * B. translucent C. transparent D. semitransparent |
What is the transparency range of white opal? | A. translucent to opaque * B.transparent to opaque C. semitransparent to translucent D. transparent to semitransparent |
The type of matrix found as a layer in finished boulder opal is | A. basalt B. granite C. ironstone * D. limestone |
Experts think fire opal's background color is caused by | A.chromium B. iron impurities * C. titanium oxides D. aluminum oxides |
In opal, a pattern of large, distinct, usually rectangular patches of play-of-color with edges that touch each other is called | A. flash B. pinfire C. peacock D. harlequin * |
Ply-of-color that is seen only when light travels trough an opal to the eye is called | A. flash B. peacock C. harlequin D. contra luz * |
The first black opals were discovered in | A. Quro Preto B. Massapequa C. Klein Spitdkoppe D. New South Whales * |
What is the first step in evaluating an opal? | A. evaluate the cut B. determine its type * C. determine is clarity D. determine the ratio and type of play-of-color |
Which treatment involves immersing opal in concentrated sulfuric acid? | A. sugar * B. smoke C. Irradiation D. fracture filling |
Who created the first marketable synthetic opal | A. John Slocum B. Pierre Gilson * C. Carroll Chatham D. Auguste Verneuil |
Plastic imitation opal was first marketed in the late 1980s in (19) | A. Japan * B. Europe C. Thailand D. Australia |
Cryptocrystalline quartz is known as | A. quartzite B. aventurine C. cairngorm D. chalcedony * |
Chalcedony with curved or angular bands or layers that differ in color and transparency is known as | A. sard B. onyx C. agate * D. carnelian |
Which of the following has the smallest crystal size? | A. twin crystals B. single crystals C. microcrystaline aggregates D. cryprocrystalline aggregates * |
In the 19th century, a major source of amethyst was discovered in | A. Brasil * B. Russia C. Burma D. Zambia |
The color of amethyst results from | A. chromium impurities B. magnesium impurities C. color centers acting on iron * D. color center acting on titanium |
One of ametyst's finest color is | A. Light purple B. dark bronzy purple C.medium-dark bluish purple D. medium-dark strong reddish purple * |
The major commercial-quality amethyst source is | A. Brasil * B. Uruguay C. Argentina D. Zimbabwe |
"Maraba" amethyst is aften | A. color zoned B. highly included C. highly saturated D. uniform in color * |
Dark amethyst is lighten by | A. heating * B. diffusion C. irradiation D. heating followed by irradiation |
Most of the citrine in the market is | A. naturally colored B. produced by heating amethyst * C. produced by heating rock crystal D. produced by irradiating amethyst |
The source of natural ametrine is | A. Brazil B. Bolivia * C. Zambia D. Uruguay |
Tiger's eye quartz is a | A. twin crystal B. single crystal C. microcrystalline aggregate * C. cryptocrystalline aggregate |
Which of the following gems has a chatoyancy that's caused by multiple slender crystals or channels | A. cat's eye quarts * B. tiger's eye quartz C. hawk's eye quartz D. falcon's eye quartz |
The color of chrysoprase is | A. blue B.yellow C. blue-green D. yellowish green * |
The term "black onyx" is used for (20) | A. sard B. dark agate C. banded onyx D. treated black chalcedony * |
Which of the following gems is the most economically important | A. iolit B. tanzanite * C. andalusite D. chiastolite |
Where was tanzanite discovered ? | A. Tunduru B. Mangari C. Merelani * D. Umba River Valley |
The name tanzanite was given to transparent blue ziosite by | A. Tiffany & Co * B. Manual D'Souza C. a Masai tribesman D.the Tanzanian goverment |
Tanzanite's best color is | A. dark purple or violet B. light purple or violet C. strongly saturated purple or violet D. strongly saturated blue or violetish blue |
Almost all tanzanite is | A. untreated B. irradiated C. heat-treated * D. clarity enhanced |
Untreated tanzanite is typically | A. Violet B. bluish C. purple D brownish * |
Tanavyte is a trade term for | A. purple glass B. synthetic ziosite C. synthetic forsterite D. purple synthetic YAG * |
In iolite, the most valuable main face-up color is | A. blue * B. gray C. violet D. yellow |
Top-color iolite is | A. untreated B. irradiated C. heat-treated * D. diffusion treated |
Alexandrite was discovered | A. 1830 * B. 1897 C. 1955 D. 1967 |
The color change in alexandrite is caused by | A. iron B. cobalt C. chromium * D. magnesium |
What changes during alexandrite's color change effect | A. hue * B. tone C. saturation D. tone and saturation |
What color is top quality alexandrite in daylight | A. red B. yellow C. bluish green * D. yellowish green |
The most-prized chatoyant gem in the world is | A. tiger's-eye quartz B. hawk's-eye quartz C. cat's-eye tourmaline D. cat's-eye chrysoberyl * |
Which of the following is a major source of cat's eye chrysoberyl (21) | A. Vietnam B. Colombia C. Sri Lanka * D. Combodia |
The color of imperial topaz is | A. green B. violetish blue C. brownish orange D. reddish orange to orange-red * |
The most valuable topaz varieties are | A. pink and red * B. green and blue C. pink and purple D. orange and yellow |
Most gem-quality topaz come from | A. schists B. pegmatites * C. metamorphic rock D. hydrothermal veins |
The term precious topaz is used for | A. red stones B. blue stones C. pink stones D. yellow-to-orange stones * |
What is the most common color of untreaded, natural topaz | A. pink B. colorless * C. dark blue D. orange-red |
The major source of imperial topaz is | A. Mogok B. Nova Era C. Quro Preto * D. the Wah Wah mountain area |
In order to attain a treated pink color, yellow to reddish brown topaz must contain | A. iron B.cobalt C. chromium * D.manganese |
The finest aquamarine color is moderately strong | A. light green-blue B. light greenish blue C.medium-darl bluish green to blue D. medium-dark blue to slightly greenish blue |
Which method is used to produce synthetic aquamatine | A. flux |
B. pulling | C. flame fusion D. hydrothermal * |
The most important source of aquamarine is | A. Brasil * B. Australia C. Mozambique D. Unite States |
Which recent source is the leading producer of small, commercial-quality aquamarine? | A. China * B. Kenya C. Colombia D. United States |
Most aquamarine has its color improved by | A. heat * B. diffusion C. irradiation D. irradiation followed by heat |
What color is the morganite beryl | A. pink * B. green C. yellow D. dark blue |
Which of the following is the rares beryl? | A. red beryl * B. morganite C. aquamarine D. golden beryl |
The only source of red beryl is in (22) | A. Utah * B. Nevada C. Colorado D. California |
Most gem tourmalines are | A. uvite B. schorl C. elbaite * D. dravite |
Most gem tourmalines form in | A. marble B. limestone C. pegmatites * D. metamorphic rock |
The world largest producer of gem-quality tourmaline is | A. Brazil * B. Zambia C. Tanzania D. Madagascar |
The most expensive variety of tourmaline is | A. Paraiba * B. chrome C. rubellite D. indicolite |
Paraiba tourmaline is colored by | A. iron B. cobalt C. copper * D. chromium |
Which of the following trade term is used for blue tourmaline? | A. chrome B. rubellite C. verdelite D. indicolite * |
Which of the following is the largest producer of chrome tourmaline | A. Brazil B. Tanzania * C. Sri Lanka D. Madagascar |
Rubellite tourmaline is colored by | A. iron B. copper C. chromium D. manganese |
Many green and blue tourmalines are lighten by | A. heating * B. bleaching C. irradiation D. irradiation followed by heating |
Many Paraiba tourmalines are | A. dyed B. heated * C. irradiated D. fracture filled |
The cause of color in peridot is | A. iron * B. nickel C. vanadium D. chromium |
Most of the world's commercial-quality peridot is mined in | A. Russia B. Burma C. Arizona * D. Pakistan |
The color of blue zircon is | A. natural B. due to irradiation C. due to heat treatment * D. due to irradiation follow by heating |
Metamict zircons are described as | A. low zircons * B. high zircons C. normal zircons D. diffusion-treated zircons |
Which countries produce the finest peridot? (23) | A. Myanmar and Pakistan * B. Madagascar and Sri Lanka C. Afganistan and Combodia D. The United States and Brasil |
Spessartite is the most commonly found in | A. Marble B. limestone C. pegmatite veins * D. metamorphic rock |
Which of the following had the widest color range? | A. rhodolite B. almandite C. spessartite D. grossularite * |
Tsavorite and hessonite are both varieties of | A. pyrope B. andrite C. uvarovite D. grossularite * |
All garnets have essentially the same | A. inclusions B. crystal structure * C. impurity elements D. chemical composition |
Rhodolite is a mixture of | A. pyrope and andrite B. almandite and pyrope * C. spessartite and pyrope D. spessartite and andradite |
The substitution of one chemical element for another in the crystal structure of a mineral is called | A. charge transfer B. metamorphism C. isomorphous replcement * D. intervalance charge transfer |
Mandarine garnet has been used as a trade name for | A. pyrope B. tsavorite C. andradite D. spessartite * |
Demantoid was first discovered in | A. Brasil B. Africa C. Russia * D. Sri Lanka |
Tsavorite is colored by | A. iron B. nickel C. vanadium |
The intense red color of spinel is caused By | A. iron B. chromium * C. manganese D. color center |
Horsetail inclusions are found in | A. malaya B. tsavorite C. spessartite D. demantoid * |
The trade term malaya is used for a pinkish orange garnet that's a mixture of | A. pyrope and almandite B. andrite and spessartite C. pyrope, andraite, and almandite D. pyrope, spessartite, and almandite * |
the most important source of rhodolite in recent years is | A. Brazil B. Burma C. East Africa * D. United States |
The most valuable spinel color is | A. red * B. green C. violet D. orange |
The most desirable, vibrant, and rare blue natural spinels are colored by (24) | A. iron B. titanium C. cobalt and iron * D. iron and titanium |
The world's major source of lapis lazuli is | A. Chile B. Russia C. Afghanistan * D. United States |
The finest trade grade of lapis lazuli is | A. Afghan * B. Chilean C. Siberian D. Egyptian |
The lapis lazuli trade grade that's often spotted with green and shows obvious calcite is | A. Afgan B. Chilean * C. Siberian D, Egyptian |
The finest color of turquoise is | A. Light blue B. dark green-blue C. dark greenish blue D. intense medium blue * |
The purest blue color of turquoise are caused by | A. iron B. cobalt C. copper * D. titanium |
The trade term for top-color turquoise is | A. Persian * B. Mexican C. Egyptian D. American |
Which of the following does turquoise usually form in? | A. quartz B. marble C. granite D. limonite * |
What is the color of the markings that sandstone matrix creates in turquoise? | A. tan * B. green C. dark red D. dark brown |
Stabiized turquoise is a trade term for | A. synthetic turquoise B. a turquoise immitation C. reconstructed turquoise D. polymer-impregnated turquoise * |
A new turquoise treatment that appeared in the 1980's and has been used to treat more then 10 million carats is | A. diffusion B. irradiation C. heating and dying D. the Zachery method * |
The major source of turquoise today is | A. Iran B. Egypt D. Afganistan D. southwestern US * |
The major source for top color turquoise today is | A. Iran B. China * C. Egypt D. Afghanistan |
Reconstructed turquoise is | A. treated turquoise B. imitation turquoise * C. synthetic turquoise D. stabilizes turquoise |
Malachite's color is caused by | A. nickel B. copper * C. vanadium D. chromium |
The only commercial source of charoite is | A. Iran B. Russia * C. South Africa D. United States |
Amber is actually | A. lignite coal B. fossilized mollusks C. hardened tree resin * D. the remains of marine animals |
Immature amber is known as | A. copal * B. ambroid C. corozo nut D. dorum palm |
The amber color that is most valuable is | A. red * B. brown C. brown D. golden |
Which of the following is a calcium carbonate | A. Jet B. Amber C. Pink coral * D. Golden coral |
Coral's most valuable color is | A. red * B. pink C. white D. lavander |
Which of the following is a variety of conchiolin coral? | A. red B. blue C. black * D. white |
Which treatment can create a golden color from black coral? | A. coating B. heating C.bleaching * D. irradiation |
Which of the following organics show a structure called "engine turning", which looks like lines created on a lathe? | A. shell B. coral C. ivory * D. crozo nuts |
Which animal's tusks produces the most valuable ivory? | A. boar B. walrus C. narwhal D. elephant * |
Paua is a Maori name for | A. helmet shell B. abalone shell * C. calcareous coral D.conchiolin coral |
Tortoise shell is composed of | A. resin B. protein * C. calcium D. aragonite |
Jet is an ornamental form of | A. resin B. calcium C. conchiolin D. lignite coal * |
The major source of jet is | A. England * B. Australia C. South Africa D. United States |
Which of the following gem is a natural glass | A. sphene B. kyanite C. fluorite D. moldavite * |
The only source of gem-quality benitoite is (27) | A. Mogok B. Ratnapura C. California * D. Umba River Valey |
How many cleavage directions are found in feldspar, spodumene, and diopside? | A. one B. two * C. three D. four |
Which of the following three basic chemical elements do all feldspars contain? | A. aluminum, oxygen and iron B. potassium, calcium and iron C. aluminum, oxygen and silicon * D. potassium, calcium and sodium |
Moonstone is variety of | A. orthoclase * B. amazonite C.microcline D. spodumene |
In which era did moonstone go out of style? | A. Art Deco * B. Art Nouveau C. New Age movement D just after WW II |
The adularescence of the finest moonstone is | A. blue * B. green C. purple D. yellow |
Tiny tension cracks in the moonstone are called | A. lily pads B. horsetails C. centipedes * D. discoid fractures |
Rainbow moonstone is a trade term for a type of | A. orthoclase B. amazonite C. microcline D. labradorite * |
Spectrolite is a variety of | A. orthoclase B. microcline C. moonstone D. labradorite * |
The greenish blue feldspar that has gridlike white streaks and resemble turquoise is | A. amazonite * B. orthoclase C. spectrolite D. labradorite |
What color is hiddenite? | A. yellow B. light pink C. orangy pink D. medium green * |
Kunzite's most common color is | A. pink * B. intense pink C. intense violet D. intense purple |
Light-colored or colorless spodumene can be treated to a kunzite color by | A. heating B. diffusion C. irradiation D. irradiation followed by heating * |
An intense, unstable green color can be created in spodumene by | A. heating B. diffusion C. irradiation * D. irradiation followed by heating |
Which of the following is a commercial source of chrome diopside (26) | A. Brasil B. Russia * C. Tanzania D. Sri Lanka |