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Phys Sci - Chap 20
vocabulary words
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| electric charge | property that causes subatomic particles to attract or repel one another |
| electric force | attraction or repulsion between electrically charged objects |
| electric field | field in a region of space that exerts electric forces on charged particles; field produced by electric charges or by changing magnetic fields |
| static electricity | the study of behavior of electric charges, including how charge is transferred between objects |
| law of conservation of charge | law stating that the total electric charge in an isolated system is constant; electric charge is never created or destroyed |
| induction | transfer of charge without contact between materials |
| electric current | continuous flow of electric charge |
| direct current | (DC) flow of electric charge in only one direction |
| alternating current | (AC) a flow of electric charge that regularly reverses its direction |
| electrical conductor | material through which electric charge can flow easily |
| electrical insulator | material through which charge can't flow easily |
| resistance | opposition to the flow of electric charges in a material |
| superconductor | material that has almost zero resistance when it is cooled to low temperatures |
| potential difference | voltage, or the difference in electrical potential energy between two places in an electrical field |
| voltage | potential difference, the difference in electrical potential energy between two places in an electric field |
| battery | device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy |
| Ohm's law | relationship of voltage, current, and resistance; V=IR |
| electric circuit | complete path through which electric charge can flow |
| series circuit | electric circuit with only one path through which charge can flow |
| parallel circuit | an electric circuit with two or more paths through which a charge can flow |
| electric power | rate at which electrical energy is converted to another form of energy |
| fuse | device that prevents overheating due to current overload in a circuit |
| circuit breaker | switch that opens when the current in a circuit is too high |
| grounding | transfer of excess charge through a conductor to Earth |
| electronics | science of using electric currents to process or transmit information |
| electronic signal | information sent as patterns in the controlled flow of electrons through a circuit |
| analog signal | a smoothly varying signal produced by continuously changing the voltage or current in a circuit |
| digital signal | signal that encodes information as a string of 1's and 0's |
| semiconductor | crystalline solid that conducts electric current only under certain conditions |
| diode | solid-state component with an n-type semiconductor joined to a p-type semiconductor |
| transistor | solid-state component with three layers of semiconductor material, used to turn current on or off or to increase the strength of electronic signals |
| integrated circuit | thin slice of silicon that contains many solid-state components; a microchip |
| computer | programmable device that can store and process information |
Created by:
msparks
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