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flashcard 100 review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. What are the five fundamental political principles of government? | Consent of the governed; Limited government; rule of law; Democracy; and Representative government . |
| 2. What does consent of the governed mean? | This means that government gets all its power from the people. The people set up the government. |
| 3. What does limited government mean? | The power of government to intervene in the exercise of civil liberties is restricted by law, usually in a written constitution. |
| 4. What does democracy mean? | A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives. |
| 5. What does representative government mean? | An electoral system where citizens vote to elect people in an assembly to represent their interests and concerns. |
| 6. What does rule of law mean? | the restriction of the arbitrary exercise of power by subordinating it to well-defined and established laws. |
| 7. Which early American document guaranteed the rights of Englishmen to colonists? | This is the Magna Carta. |
| 8. What document was written by George Mason and served as a model for the bill of rights | The Declaration of rights. |
| 9. What document by Thomas Jefferson and served as a model for the First Amendment's freedom of religion? | The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom. |
| 10. Why is the Declaration of Independence important? | The Declaration of Independence is an important part of American democracy because first it contains the ideals or goals of our nation. |
| 11. What was the first plan of government for the United States and why did it fail? | The articles of confederation and it failed because there were to many weaknesses in it. |
| 12. What is the Preamble and what does it do? | The Preamble is the opening statement to the United States Constitution. The preamble explains the reasons why the Framers of the Constitution made our government a republic. |
| 13. What is the written plan of government for the United States? | The Declaration of Independence is the written plan of government. |
| 14. What is federalism? | the federal principle or system of government. |
| 15. What are the powers set aside for the states called? | Reserved powers. |
| 16. What happens if a U.S. law conflicts with a state law? | Supremacy Clause. |
| 17. What are implied powers? | powers not explicitly named in the Constitution but assumed to exist due to their being necessary to implement the expressed powers that are named in Article I. |
| 18. What are powers the federal or state governments may not have? | Nullification. |
| 19. What are powers given specifically to congress in the constitution called? | General powers |
| 20. What are the three levels of federal courts? | District courts, Circuit courts, Supreme court |
| 21. What are the 4 levels of state courts? | district courts, appellate courts, trial courts, and supreme court |
| 22. What is the process for bringing a civil and criminal case to trial? | 1. arrested 2. jail or bail 3.arraignment 4.trial conducted 5. guilty verdict may be appealed |
| 23. What group makes laws for Virginia? | Virginia general assembly |
| 24. What is the lawmaking process? How does a bill become a law? | 1. bill introduced 2. debate 3. vote 4. bill sent to president for approval or veto. |
| 25. What is a veto? | A constitutional right to reject a decision or proposal |
| 26. What is the role of a lobbyist? | attempt to influence decisions made by officials in the government. |
| 27. What does the executive branch include? | The President, The Vice President, Executive office of a president, and the cabinet |
| 28. What is due process and where is it mentioned in the U.S. Constitution? | fair treatment through the normal judicial system and the 5th and 14th amendments |
| 29. What is the legislative branch of the local government? | General Assembly |
| 30. What positions does the VA Constitution require local governments to elect? | Mayor, Sheriff, |
| 31. What is the role of the media in elections? | To get the word out to the citizens |
| 32. What are the primary responsibilities of the national government versus the state? | To make laws declare wars |
| 33. Describe the national legislative branch. | the branch that makes laws for the U.S.A |
| 34. How does the executive branch influence policymaking? | Proposing legislation, Appealing directly to the people, Approving or vetoing legislation, Appointing officials who carry out the laws and more |
| 35. What is judicial review? | review by the US Supreme Court of the constitutional validity of a legislative act. |
| 36. Which Supreme Court case established the idea of judicial review? | Marbury vs. Madison |
| 37. Describe the system of checks and balances. Give examples. | A fundamental principle of American government |
| 38. What are the qualifications to vote? | Must be a Citizen, Must be 18 years old, must have reported 22 days of that state before voting |
| 39. What factors determine who is more likely to vote? | Older people are more likely to vote than younger people. |
| 40. What are PACs and what do they do? | political action committee and spend money to elect and defeat candidites |
| 41. What are the functions of political parties? | Political parties perform an important task in government. They bring people together to achieve control of the government |
| 42. How do third parties differ from the major parties? | Third parties are smaller and they usually don't win elections |
| 43. What are the major political parties and how are they different from each other? | Democratic and republican they are the two main parties and they support different causes |
| 44. How has the high cost of getting elected changed campaigning for public office? | many people have stopped trying to run |
| 45. Explain how the electoral college works. | If president Obama ran against me and he got the popular vote it doesn't mean he will win it depends on who wins over the bigger states like Texas |
| 46. What are magistrates? | a civil officer or lay judge who administers the law, especially one who conducts a court that deals with minor offenses and holds preliminary hearings for more serious ones. |
| 47. What is the difference between original and appellate jurisdiction? | original is where the first court is held if he or she is guilty then they apply for appeal and go to the appellate court |
| 48. Who heads the executive branch at each of the 3 levels of government? | President, Governor, and Mayor |
| 49. Who nominates and confirms Supreme Court justices? | The President of the united states |
| 50. What did Brown v. Board of Education say? | public schools that separated black from white was unconstitutional |
| 51. What is our national legislature called? | bicameral legislature |
| 52. What does bicameral mean? | having two branches or chambers |
| 53. None of the 3 branches of government is stronger than one another due to the system of __________. | Checks and Balances |
| 54. What are the two houses of Congress called? | house of representatives and the senate |
| 55. How is representation determined in the House of Representatives? | By the people voting. |
| 56. What are the roles of the President and Governor? | To act as the head of the executive branch for the federal and state government |
| 57. What is the name of the President’s annual speech to Congress? | State of the Union Address |
| 58. What are the 3 branches of government and what do they do? | legislative branch to make laws executive branch it in forces laws and the judicial branch interprets the laws |
| 59. What are the units of local government? | County Governments Town or Township Governments Municipal Governments Special-Purpose Local Governments |
| 60. What is the difference between civil and criminal law? | civil is like getting a ticket for speeding and criminal is like when you steal something |
| 61. Which courts have jury trials? | U.S. District Court |
| 62. What freedoms are guaranteed by the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution? | free religion freedom of speech freedom of press to peacefully assemble |
| 63. How are amendments added to the U.S. Constitution? | two-thirds of the House and Senate approve of the proposal and send it to the states for a vote |
| 64. How can the Constitution of Virginia be amended? | A two-thirds vote of the house and Senate of the proposal |
| 65. How does an individual become a U.S. citizen? | Be born in the U.S. Be married to a U.S. citizen Be a child of a U.S. citizen or be naturalization as a U.S. citizen |
| 66. What are the steps involved in naturalization? | apply and complete an application, attend an interview, and pass an English and a civics test |
| 67. What are the duties of citizenship? | Respect the Rights, Beliefs and Opinions of Others Stay Informed of the Issues That Affect Your Community Serve in a Jury When Called Upon |
| 68. What is your #1 civic responsibility? What are some other responsibilities of citizens? | registering and voting participating in political campaigns respecting differing opinions in a diverse society |
| 69. How do citizens demonstrate thoughtful and effective participation in civic life? | helping their neighbors helping the community |
| 70. What does “separation of powers” mean? | an act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies |
| 71. Which officials are locally elected? | mayors, county executives |
| 72. Which powers do local governments exercise? | legislative, executive, and judicial powers |
| 73. How do localities enact ordinances? | for passing ordinances |
| 74. How do individuals and interest groups influence public policy? | lobbying, participating, and expressing opinions |
| 75. Which international issues would require local government officials to act? | public health, public safety, and economic development policies |
| 76. What are the 3 basic economic questions all societies must answer? | who consumes the goods, what goods and services should be produced, how should good and services be produced |
| 77. What does “scarcity” mean? | the state of being scarce or in short supply |
| 78. Name and describe the 4 major economic systems. | Traditional Economic System, Command Economic System, Market Economic System, Mixed Economic System |
| 79. What type of economy does the United States have? | mixed economy |
| 80. What are the 5 essential characteristics of the United States economy? | Mixed economy Consumer sovereignty Competition Private property Free market |
| 81. Describe what “choice” and “opportunity cost” mean in the U.S. economy. | you have the choice to do anything you want you have the opportunity to do anything you want |
| 82. Define “price” and explain how it is determined in the U.S. economy. | decide the amount required as payment |
| 83. Name and explain the 4 resources or factors of production. | land such as iron labor such as human resources, capital such as equipment, and Entrepreneurship |
| 84. Define incentives. | a payment or concession to stimulate greater output or investment |
| 85. Define supply and demand. | the amount of a commodity, product, or service available and the desire of buyers for it |
| 86. Describe production and consumption. | the use of services and related products which respond to basic needs and bring a better quality of life |
| 87. List and describe the 3 basic types of business ownership in the U.S. | papa johns a pizza place McDonald's a food restaurant and burger king fast food place |
| 88. How do individuals/households, businesses/producers and the government interact in the U.S. economy? | by completing there civic duties |
| 89. What are private financial institutions and what do they do? | Private financial institutions are entities like banks and hedge funds that are owned entirely by shareholders |
| 90. What is the role of the Federal Reserve System? | The Federal Reserve System is the central bank of the United States |
| 91. What is the role of the U.S. government in protecting consumer rights and property rights? | The United States government passes laws and creates agencies to protect consumer rights and property rights |
| 92. Which amendment gave the government the authority to tax personal incomes of citizens? | The 16th amendment |
| 93. How do financial institutions encourage saving and investing? | tells you ways to save money to get a better career |
| 94. What are public goods and services? | Things that are open to the public |
| 95. How do governments produce public goods and services? | by paying for them with taxes |
| 96. How does the government influence economic activity? | by providing resources and other things |
| 97. How does the United States government promote and regulate competition? | paying for it with taxes and sponsering |
| 98. Name and describe 3 executive branch government agencies that regulate businesses. | Department of Agriculture Department of Education and Department of Defense |
| 99. Why do Virginia and the United States trade with other nations? | to get products that don't come or grow naturally in the states and to form a government bond |
| 100. What is the impact of technological innovation on world trade? | to contribute to global flow |
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