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Rad Protection
board review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| average u.s doses | annual background dose= approx. 3mSv, average cxr= approx .1 mSv, average whole body CT=approx 10 mSv (Radiology Prep, p.230) |
| linear | response is proportional to dose (Radiology Prep, p.231) |
| nonlinear | response is not proportional to dose (Radiology Prep, p.231) |
| threshold | a dose must be received before a response can occur (Radiology Prep, p.231) |
| nonthreshold | no safe dose- even one photon can cause a response (Radiology Prep, p.231) |
| early effects | appear a short time after exposure, usually as a result of high dose in short period of time, should not be seen in diagnostic radiology (Radiology Prep, p.231) |
| late effects | can appear years after exposure: carcinogenesis, cataractogenesis, embryologic effect, lifespan shortening (Radiology Prep, p.231) |
| deterministic | threshold, nonlinear, includes all early effects and some later effects (Radiology Prep, p.232) |
| stochastic | no threshold, linear, genetic effects, and cancer (Radiology Prep, p.232) |
| types of DNA damage | main chain, double-side rail break, main chain, single-rail break, main chain breakage, cross-linking, base damage, point mutations (Radiology Prep, p.235) |
| ways to reduce risk to recently fertilized ovum | elective scheduling/10 day rule, patient questionnaire, posting (Radiology Prep, p.237) |
| acute radiation syndromes | hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, CNS (Radiology Prep, p.241) |
| stages of acute radiation syndrome | prodromal, latent, manifest illness, recovery or death (Radiology Prep, p.241) |
| beam restrictions | reduces patient dose, reduces production of scattered radiation, improves image quality (Radiology Prep, p.250) |
| beam restrictor types | aperture diaphragm, cone/cylinder, collimator (Radiology Prep, p.250) |
| mAs | controls quantity- no effect on quality (Radiology Prep, p.252) |
| kV | controls quality- affects quantity (Radiology Prep, p.252 |
| less than 50 kV | = .5mm Al equivalent (Radiology Prep, p.253) |
| 50-70 kV | = 1.5mm Al equivalent (Radiology Prep, p.253) |
| greater than 70 kV | = 2.5mm Al equivalent (Radiology Prep, p.253) |
| gonadal shielding should be used if: | the gonads lie in or within 5cm of the collimated field, the patient has reasonable reproductive potential, diagnostic objectives permit (Radiology Prep, p.255) |
| type of exposure switch must be | dead man switch (Radiology Prep, p.263) |
| radiation protection rules | time, distance, shielding (Radiology Prep, p.272) |
| primary beam | protect from the useful beam (Radiology Prep, p.272) |
| secondary beam | protect from scattered or leakage radiation (Radiology Prep, p.272) |
| roentgen | measures ionization in air, measures x- or gamma radiation only, valid up to 3 MeV (Radiology Prep, p.281) |
| rad | Gray (Radiology Prep, p.281) |
| rem | Sievert (Radiology Prep, p.281) |
Created by:
meechthebeech91
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