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Soci Exam 2
| Material Culture | objects created in a given society: buildings, art, tools, toys, any tangible objects |
| Nonmaterial Culture | : includes norms, laws, customs, ideas, and beliefs of a group of people |
| Characteristics of Culture (5) | shared, learned, taken for granted, varies across time and place, and symbolic |
| Elements of Culture (4) | Language Norms Belief Values |
| Norms | specific cultural expectations for how to behave in a given situation |
| Beliefs | shared ideas held collectively by people within a given culture about what is true |
| Values | abstract standards in a society or group that define ideal principles. |
| Sapir-Whorf hypothesis | Language reflects diversity and inequality in society and it drives all culture |
| Dominant Culture | most powerful group in a society. It is the culture that receives the most support from major institutions and constitutes major belief systems. |
| Subcultures | groups whose values are norms of behavior differ to some degree from those of the dominant culture. |
| Countercultures | are subcultures creates as a reaction against the values of the dominant culture |
| Sociological hegemony | get the same message over and over with different perspectives |
| Personality | how you behave in given situation |
| Self-identity | how one defines oneself |
| Family | paths for success, gender distinctions |
| Peers | social approval, create internal hierarchy |
| School | society expectations, role of social location |
| Sports | Masculinity, femininity, sexuality |
| theorist of class socialization | Annette Argues children should stay in class which they are born |
| Rite of passage | ceremony or ritual that marks the transition of an individual from one role to another |
| anticipatory socialization | learning of expectations associated with a role a person expects to enter in the future |
| Resocialization | unlearn old behaviors and identity, accept new identity and behaviors |
| Conversion | Transformation of identity, often tied to political or religious beliefs, changes in beliefs, practices, behaviors |
| Status | social rank or position within society |
| Role: | socially defined expectations for a specific social position |
| Achieved status | effort, occupation, social class |
| Ascribed status | race/ethnicity, gender, age, social class |
| Role set | all the roles a person holds |
| Role strain | demands of a single role are incompatible |
| Role conflict | demands of two or more roles are incompatible |
| Primary Groups | Long lasting, expressive needs, influence on self-development, Ex: Family/Friends |
| Secondary Groups | Shorter duration. Instrumental needs, task oriented, less significance |
| Ideal type (Weber): | Division of labor, specialized for experience, everyone treated the same, efficiency |
| Milgram Experiment | shocking people, authority figures are powerful |
| Asch Experiment | Individuals comply with groups even if they know it’s wrong |
| Social Change | alteration of society over time |
| Micro change | : interactions between people/ small scale |
| Macro changes | gradual changes in many parts of society/ large scale |
| Cultural Diffusion | transmission of elements from one society to another |
Created by:
haley.christel21
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