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Biomechanics
Functional Anatomy
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 3 forces acting on the body at all times | 1. Gravity; 2. Ground reaction forces; 3. Muscular forces |
| impulse-momentum relationship | the effect of a force over an interval of time |
| scalars | described by magnitude only |
| vectors | have a magnitude & a direction |
| vector resolution | operation that replaces a single vector w/ 2 perpendicular vectors |
| biomechanics | application of the laws, concepts, & tools of physics & engineering to various aspects of human motion; the how & the why of how we move |
| kinematics | the study of bodies in motion with respect to space & time, without regard to the cause of the motion or the forces involved in the motion |
| establishing an origin | usually at ground level, in a convenient location w/ respect to the motion studied, or at the center or corner of a force plate |
| moment | a tendency for rotation; aka torque; indicates stress at joints |
| linear displacement | change in position; direct distance from initial to final; a vector; net effect of motion |
| linear distance | scalar value; length of the path |
| velocity | vector; rate of change in position; how fast & in which direction is the movement occurring; displacement/time |
| speed | scalar; how fast an object moves; distance/time |
| acceleration | rate of change in linear velocity; change in velocity/change in time; measured in units of m/s^2 |
| angular motion | all parts of a body move through the same angle; same velocity, but each part of object is moving at a different speed. |
| angular distance | the sum of all angular changes undergone by a rotating body |
| angular velocity | the rate of change in angular position; angular displacement/time; measured in units of degrees or radians. |
| angular acceleration | the rate of change in angular velocity; change in angular velocity/time; measured in units of degrees/sec or radians/sec |
| kinetics | the how & the why behind a motion; the study of the forces that produce a motion |
| impulse | force applied over time; =Ft (units N/s) |
| torque | T= fd (product of F & the perpendicular distance from the F's line of acton to the axis); the angular equivalent of force; moment of force |
| center of mass | point at which the sum of torques= 0 |
| stress | Force/unit of area over which the force acts |
| law of inertia | an object at rest will stay at rest unless acted upon by an external force |
| law of acceleration | F= ma (mass x gravity) |
| law of reaction | for every action, there is an equal & opposite reaction |
| inertia | a body's resistance to linear mass |
| moment of inertia | a body's resistance to a change in angular motion; I= m (mass) x r^2 (radius^2) |
| angular law of acceleration | torque; T= I (moment of inertia) x a (angular acceleration) |
Created by:
MeganFultz2
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