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Unit 8
Emotion & Motivation
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Motivation | The process of starting, directing, and maintaining physical and psychological activities; includes mechanisms involved in preferences for one activity over another and the vigor and persistence of responses. |
| Drives | Internal states that arise in response to a disequilibria in an animal's physiological needs. |
| Homeostasis | Constancy or equilibrium of the internal conditions of the body. |
| Incentives | External stimuli or rewards that motivate behavior, although these do not relate directly to biological needs. |
| Instincts | Preprogrammed tendencies that are essential to a species' approval. |
| Anorexia nervosa | An eating disorder in which and individual weighs less than 85% of her or his expected weight but still controls eating because of a self-perception of obesity. |
| Bulimia nervosa | An eating disorder characterized by binge eating, followed by measures to purge the body of excess calories. |
| Thematic Apperception Test | A projective test in which pictures of ambiguous scenes are presented to an individual, who is encouraged to generate stories about these. |
| Need for achievement | An assumed basic human need to strive for achievement of goals that motivates a wide range of behavior and thinking. |
| Attributions | Judgments about the causes of outcomes. |
| Hierarchy of needs | Maslow's view that basic human motives form a hierarchy and that the needs at each level must be satisfied before the next level can be achieved. The needs progress from basic biological needs to the need for transcendence. |
| Emotion | A complex pattern of changes, including physiological arousal, feelings, cognitive processes, and behavioral reactions, made in response to a situation perceived to be personally significant. |
| Amygdala | The part of the limbic system that controls emotion, aggression, and the formation of emotional memory. |
| James-Lange theory of emotion | A peripheral-feedback theory of emotion stating that an eliciting stimulus triggers a behavorial response that sends different sensory and motor feedback to the brain and creates the feeling of a specific emotion. |
| Cannon-Bard theory of emotion | A theory stating that an emotional stimulus produces two occurring reactions occurring simultaneously-arousal and the experience of emotion-that do not cause each other. |
| Cognitive appraisal theory of emotion | With respect to emotions, the process through which physiological arousal is interpreted with respect to circumstances in the particular setting in which it is being experienced. |
| Yerkes-Dodson law | A correlation between task performance and optimal level of arousal. |
| Stressor | An internal or external event or stimulus that induces stress. |
| Fight or Flight Response | A sequence of internal activities triggered when an organism is faced with a threat; prepares the body for combat and struggle or for running away to safety. |
| General adaptation syndrome | The pattern of nonspecific adaptational physiological mechanisms that occurs in response to a continuing threat by almost any serious stressor. |
| Psychosomatic disorders | Physical disorders aggravated by or primarily attributable to prolonged emotional stress or other psychological causes. |
| Life-change units | In stress research, the measure of stress levels of different types of change experienced during a given period. |
| Posttraumatic stress disorders | Physical disorders aggravated by or primarily attributable to prolonged emotional stress or other psychological causes. |
Created by:
Mr.Knock
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