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psychology final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bipolor | (mood disorder) depressed --> normal, depressed-->happy |
| Major depressive disorder | (mood disorder) sad, feel dispair, hopeless |
| OCD Obsessive Compulsive Disorder | (obsession-thought; compulsion-what you do to get rid of obsession) |
| Specific Phobias | Animal, natural occuernece, blood/injection/hurt |
| Social Phobias | People afrain of embarrassment, being in public |
| Panic Attacks | intense feeling of anxiety (big day/speech) |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | worries all the time |
| Anxiety disorders | (most likely) |
| Avoiding cognitve traps | Trying not to think in ways that will depress you |
| Prevalence of disorders | disrupts life |
| Inventory vs. Projective tests | Inventory (paper and pencil tests) Projective (INK BLOT test-give something and describing it) |
| Personality assessments | Ways to test personality- observe ?s |
| Big 5 Factor theory | Extroversion-introversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness to exploration |
| Surface Traits | How you behave; observable qualities of personality |
| Source Traits | Deeper, more general, underlying personality factors (ex. reserved-warm, concrete-abstract, shy-social, trusting-suspicious) |
| Central Trait | Traits that would be mentioned in writing a letter of recommendation |
| Cardinal Trait | descibing with one word; persuasive (ex. Einstein-GENIUS) |
| Trait theories | Cardinal, Central, Source, Surface |
| Hierarchy of Needs | Physiological needs, safety needs, belonging and esteem needs, self-actualization (developing one's fullest potential) |
| Maslow | Motivational factors are at the root of personality |
| Humanistic Psychology | People are assumed to have a natural tendency toward growth and realization of their fullest potential. |
| Sublimination | Appropriately taking anger out in a non-aggressive way (playing football) |
| Displacement | Substitute less threatening object (Ex. mad at mom, hit little brother) |
| Rationalization | Make an excuse |
| Projection | Project your feelings towards yourself on someone else |
| Reaction | ormation opposite of what you really felt (ex.former purchaser of pornography is now a crusader against it) |
| Regression | Going back to an earlier, more comfortable time and age (ex. susan cries whenever she is criticed) |
| Repression | Forgetting things |
| Defense Mechanism | A means used by the ego to defend against anxiety and to maintain self-esteem. |
| Superego | The moral system of the personality, which consists of the conscious and the ego ideal. |
| Ego | Frued-the logical, rational, largely conscious system of personality, which operates according to the reality principle. |
| Pleasure Principle | He id tries to seek pleasure, avoid pain, and gain immediate gratification of its wishes. |
| Id | The unconscious system of the personality, which contain the life and death instincts and operates on the pleasure principle; source of the libido. |
| Unconscious | For frued, the primary motivating force of human behavior, containing repressed memories as well as instincts, wishes and desires that have never been conscious. |
| Preconscious | The thoughts, feelings and memories that a person is not consciously aware of at the moment but that may be easily brought to consciousness. |
| Conscious | The thoughts, feelings, sensations or memories of which a person is aware of at any given moment. |
| What were Frued's three levels of awareness in consciousness? | Conscious, Preconsious, Unconscious |
| Schhizophrenia | (least likely) spectrum disorder; not everyone has the same symptoms |
| Positive symptoms | (added) hallucinations, delusions, derailment, inappropriate affect |
| Negative symptoms | (loss of) social withdrawal, loss of motivation, lack of goal direction, very limited speech, sow movement |
| Paranoid schizophrenia | person believes people are out to get them (they're special- God, alien, royalty) |
| Disorganized Schizophrenia | (most serious) silly, facial expressions. weird/opposite behavior |
| Catatonic schizophrenia | alternate; silly and frozen |
| Undifferentiated schizophrenia | doesn't fall into any 1 particular diagnosis (all) |
| Dissociative disorders | under unbearable stress, consciousness becomes dissociated from a person's identity or memories |
| Dissociative amnesia | complete or partial loss of personal info or identity-often caused by traumatic experiences |
| Dissociative fugue | one forgets their identity completely, starts a new life--> gets memory back and forget the life they created |
| Dissociative identity disorder | little spit personalities based on stress or when something bad happens to someone |
| Deception | not knowing what the experiment is about |
| Confederates | person who poses as participant in an experiment but is actually assisting the experiment |
| Naive subject | a person who has agreed to participate in an experiment but is not aware that deception is being used to conceal its real purpose |
| Primacy effect | 1st impression |
| situational attribution | you failed test because of teacher |
| dispositional attribution | that person failed because he is dumb or didn't work hard enough |
| conformity | Asch's line study |
| social norms | attitudes and standards f behavior epected of members of a particular group |
| Asch study and group think | people go along with majority/society does even when they are right and the group is wrong |
| Milgram's study and obediance | study where one was a teacher and one a learner; wrong answer resulted in shock |
| foot in the door | if the costumer agrees with a small thing they are more likely to agree with the bigger thing later |
| door in the face | start big....costumer will disagree and when asked for something smaller they agree. (ex. $50-->$1 candy bar) |
| low ball technique | fine print (agree to something and later find out about interest and that it was a bad deal) |
| Social Facilitation | positive or negative effect on performance by audience or coactors |
| Audience | breaking world record in front of big group |
| co-action effects | competing better (running a mile in record time against other runners vs. on a treadmill) |
| group influence | idea that people goof off when they are in a group and will not work as hard because the work will get done anyway |
| social loafing | putting forth less effort because everyone will get the same grade |
| Social roles | socially defined behaviors considered appropriate for individuals occupying certain positions within a given group. |
| Zimbardo's stanford prison exp. | roles were fell into completely (guards acting like so, as well as prisons by misbehaving) |
| Cognitive attitude | what you think about the object |
| Emotional attitude | emotions |
| Behavioral attitude | behavior |
| Cognitive dissonance | the unpleasant state that can occur when people become aware of inconsistencies btw their attitudes or btw their attitudes and behavior. |
| the bystander effect | with more people around, a response is less likely to happen.....dont help because another person will |
| prejudice | thoughts directed towards others (race, gender, age, religion) |
| discrimination | the actions directed toward others |
| Realistic conflict theory | competition increases among social group for scarce resources (land, jobs) |
| In-group | social group with a strong sense of togtherness |
| Out-group | social group made up of individuals specifically identifies by the in-group as not belonging |
| stereotypes | widely shared beliefs about the characteristic traits, attitudes, and behaviors of various social groups |
| ethnocentrism | the tendency to look at situations from one's own racial or cultural perspective/point of view |
Created by:
rosita32
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