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Quinn science O2
The Nature of Sound
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| wave | a disturbance that transmits energy thruogh matter or space |
| medium | a substance through which a wave can travel |
| outer ear | the part of the ear that acts as a funnel to direct sound waves into the middle ear, pinna collects sound waves |
| middle ear | the part of the ear where the amplitude of a sound vibratinis increased, hammer anvil, and stirrup act as levers |
| inner ear | movement of the liquid in the cochlea causes tiny hair cells to bend and stimulate nerves that send electrical signals to the brain for interpretation |
| pitch | high or low a sound is percieved to be, depends on frequency |
| infrasonic | frequencies of a sound that are lower than 20 Hz |
| ultrasonic | frequencies of a sound that are higher than 20,000 Hz |
| Doppler effect | the apparent change in the frequency of a sound caused by the motion of either the listener or the source of the sound |
| loudness | how loud or soft a sound is percieved to be, depends on amplitude |
| decibel | most common unit used to express loudness of a sound |
| reflection | the bouncing back of a wave after it strikes a barrier |
| echo | the bouncing back of a sound wave after it strikes a barrier, depends on how smooth and hard the surface is |
| echolocation | the proces of using reflected sound waves to find objects |
| interference | a wave interaction that occurs when two or more waves overlap, can increase or decrease the loudness of a sound |
| sonic boom | the explosive sound heard when a shock wave from an object traveling faster thatn the speed of sound reaches a person's ears |
| standing wave | a wave that forms a stationary pattern in which portions of the wave do not move and other portions move with a large amplitude |
| resonance | frequency at which standing waves are made |
| diffraction | bending of waves around barriers of through openings, depends on the wavelength and size of barrier or opening |
| sound quality | the result of several pithes blending together through interference |
| noise | any undesired, sound, especially nonmusical sound, that includes a random mix of pitches |
| vibration | the complete back and forth motion of an object, cycle, includes both a compression and rarefaction |
| tinnitus | hearing loss resulting from damage to the hair cells and nerve endings in the cochlea |
| more dense | faster a sound wave moves |
| more elastic | faster a sound wave moves |
| higher temperature | higher it is the faster a sound wave moves |
| hertz | the unit used to express frequency, one is equal to one cycle per second |
| oscilloscoope | a device used to graph representations of sound waves |
| sonar | type of ecolocation, sound navigation and ranging |
| ultrasonography | a medical procedure that uses echos from ultrasonic waves to "see" inside a patient's body without perfoming surgery |
| wind instruments | produces sound when a vibration is created at one end of an air column and creates a standing wave in it, woodwind, and brass, examples are french horn trombone, sax, and oboe |
| percussion instruments | produce sound when struck, larger the insturment the lower the pitch, examples are drums, cymbol, and triangle |
| string instruments | produce sound when their strings vibrate after being plucked or bowed, some examples are guitar, banjo, and violin |
| compression | the region of higher density or pressure in a wave |
| rarefaction | the region lower density or pressure in a wave |
| longitudinal wave | a wave in which the particles of the medium vibrate back and forth along the path the wave travels |
| mechanical wave | a wave that requires a medium in order to transfer energy |
| fundamental | the lowest resonant frequency |
| overtone | higher frequency than the fundamental |
| refraction | the bending of a wave at it passes at an angle from one medium to another |
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cquinnd15.org
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