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Abnormal Psychology
Chapter 4 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anxiety | a fundamental human emotion that produces bodily reactions to prepare us for "fight or flight"; a feeling of uneasiness or apprehension |
| Fear | an intense emotion experienced in response to a threatening situation |
| Anxiety Disorder | fear or anxiety symptoms that interfere with an individual's day to day functioning |
| Etiology Model | model developed to explain the cause of the disorder |
| Amygdala | brain structure associated with the processing, expression and memory of emotions, especially anger and fear |
| Hippocampus | the part of the brain involved in forming, organizing, and storing memories |
| Prefrontal Cortex | the part of the brain involved in abstract thought and complex thinking, personality characteristics, and social functioning |
| Neurotransmitter | any group of chemicals that help transmit messages between neurons |
| Serotonin | a neurotransmitter that regulates mood, sleep, and appetite |
| Alleles | the gene pair responsible for a specific trait |
| Polymorphic Variation | a common DNA mutation of a gene |
| Predisposition | a susceptibility to certain symptoms or disorders |
| Behavioral Inhibition | shyness |
| Anxiety Sensitivity | trait involving fear of physiological changes within the body |
| Phobia | a strong, persistent, and unwarranted fear of a specific object or situation |
| Social Anxiety Disorder | an intense fear of being scrutinized in one or more social or performance situations |
| Comorbid | existing simultaneously with another condition |
| Specific Phobia | an extreme fear of a specific object (such as snakes) or situation (such as being in an enclosed place) |
| remit | diminish or disappear |
| Agoraphobia | an intense fear of being in public places where escape or help may not be readily available |
| Panic Attack | episode of intense fear accompanied by symptoms such as a pounding heart, trembling, shortness of breath, and fear of losing control or dying |
| Exposure Therapy | treatment that involves gradually introducing the client to increasingly difficult encounters with a feared situation |
| Systematic Desensitization | exposure strategy that uses muscle relaxation to reduce the anxiety associated with specific and social phobias |
| Cognitive Restructuring | cognitive strategy that attempts to alter unrealistic thoughts that are believed to be responsible for phobias |
| Modeling Therapy | procedure involving observation of a non-phobic individual successfully coping with the phobic object or situation used to treat certain phobias |
| Panic Disorder | disorder involving recurrent, unexpected panic attacks with apprehension over future attacks or behavioral changes to avoid attacks |
| Concordance Rate | degree of similarity between twins or family members with respect to a trait or disorder |
| GABA | gamma-aminobutyric acid, an inhibitory neurotransmitter involved in inducing sleep and relaxation |
| Interoceptive Conditioning | the production of fear and panic by the perception of bodily changes due to frequent pairing of changes in internal bodily sensations with fear responses |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) | condition characterized by persistent, high levels of anxiety and excessive worry over many life circumstances |
| Schema | mental framework for organizing and interpreting information |
| Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) | condition characterized by intrusive, repetitive anxiety-producing thoughts or a strong need to perform acts or dwell on thoughts to reduce anxiety |
| Obsession | intrusive, repetitive thought or image that produces anxiety |
| Compulsion | the need to perform acts or dwell on thoughts to reduce anxiety |
| Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) | condition involving a preoccupation with a perceived physical defect or excessive concern over a slight physical defect; often accompanied by frequently checking appearance, applying makeup to mask "flaws", and comparing appearance to those of others |
| Delusion | a firmly held false belief |
| Muscle Dysphoria | belief that one's body is too small or insufficiently muscular |
| Trichotillomania | recurrent and compulsive hair pulling that results in hair loss and causes significant distress |
| Skin-Picking Disorder | distressing and recurrent compulsive picking of the skin resulting in skin lesions |
| Endophenotype | measurable characteristics that give clues regarding the specific genes involved in a disorder |
| Orbitofrontal Cortex | brain region associated with planning and decision making |
| Caudate Nuclei | brain region that regulates transmission of impulses warning that something is not right |
| Flooding | a technique that involves inducing a high anxiety level through continued actual or imagined exposure to a fear-arousing situation |
| Response Prevention | treatment in which an individual with OCD is prevented from performing a compulsive behavior |
Created by:
jparham1
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