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Stress Management
Chapter 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sympathetic Nervous System | The branch of the central nervous system that triggers the fight-or-flight response when some element of threat is present. |
| Sympathetic Response | Also known as the stress response; the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine to prepare various organs and tissues for fight or flight. |
| Hypothalamus | Often called the "seat of the emotions," it is involved with emotional processing. When a thought is perceived as a threat, it secretes a substance called corticotrophin-releasing factor to the pituitary gland to activate the fight-or-flight response. |
| Autonomic Nervous System | It consists of the sympathetic (arousal) and parasympathetic (relaxed) nervous systems. This part of the central nervous system requires no conscious thought; actions such as breathing and heart rate are programmed to function automatically. |
| Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal Axis(HPA axis) | Also known as the ACTH axis, a chemical pathway starting with the release of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) from the hypothalamus causing a series of chemical reactions to prepare the body for fight or flight. |
| Parasympathetic Nervous System | The branch of the central nervous system that specifically calms the body through the parasympathetic response. |
| Cortisol | A stress hormone released by the adrenal glands that helps the body prepare for fight or flight by promoting the release of glucose and lipids in the blood for energy metabolism. |
| DHEA | A stress hormone secreted in the adrenal gland involving several functions with reproduction and aging. |
| Corticosteroids | Stress hormones released by the adrenal cortex, such as cortisol and cortisone. |
| Parasympathetic Response | A calming or relaxation effect throughout the body brought about by release of neurotransmitters from neural endings. |
| Epinephrine | A special neurochemical referred to as a catacholamine, which is responsible for immediate physical readiness for stress including increased heart rate and blood pressure. It works in unison with norepinephrine. |
| ACTH axis | A physiological pathway whereby a message is sent from the hypothalamus to the pituitary, then on to the adrenal gland to secrete a flood of stress hormones for fight or flight. |
| Acetylcholine (Ach) | A chemical substance released by the parasympathetic nervous system to help the body return to homeostasis from the stress response. |
| Allostatic Load | A term coined by stress researcher Bruce McEwen to replace the expression "stressed out"; the damage to the body when the stress response functions improperly or for prolonged states, causing physical damage to the body. |
| Serotonin | A neurotransmitter that is associated with mood. A decrease in these levels is thought to be related to depression. These levels are affected by many factors including stress hormones and the foods you consume. |
| Norepinephrine | A special neurochemical referred to as a catacholamine, which is responsible for immediate physical readiness to stress including increased heart rate and blood pressure. It works in unison with epinephrine. |
| Adrenal Gland | The endocrine glands that are located on top of each kidney that house and release several stress hormones including the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine, cortisol. |
| Pituitary Gland | An endocrine gland located below the hypothalamus, which, upon command from the hypothalamus, releases ACTH and then commands the adrenal glands to secrete their stress hormones. |
Created by:
SaraMcKenzie
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