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RADT465: Image Acq

ARRT Registry Review: Image Production and Evaluation

QuestionAnswer
What are the visibility factors? density/brightness and contrast/grey scale (Lang Prep, 298)
What are the geometric factors? detail/resolution and distortion (Lang Prep, 298)
What refers to the clarity or resolution with which anatomic structures are represented in the x-ray image? (sharpness of structural detail borders) recorded detail (Lang Prep, 298)
What refers to misrepresentation of the actual size or shape of the structures imaged? distortion (Lang Prep, 299)
How is recorded detail measured? using a resolution test pattern and expressed in lp/mm (Lang Prep, 300)
What relates to the size and/or shape of the imaged part compared with the actual size and shape of the anatomic number? distortion (Lang Prep, 300)
As OID decreases what happens to recorded detail? improves (OID and recorded detail are inversely related) (Lang Prep 301)
What will happen to magnification if you increase OID? magnification will increase (directly related) (Lang Prep 301)
What happens to recorded detail as SID increases? improves (SID and recorded detail are directly related) (Lang Prep, 301)
How are recorded detail and magnification related? inversely (as recorded detail increases, magnification decreases) (Lang Prep, 301)
How are SID and magnification related? inversely (as SID increases, magnification decreases) (Lang Prep, (301)
How is unsharpness related to focal spot size and OID? directly (Lang Prep, 308)
How is unsharpness /blur realted to SID? inversely (Lang prep, 308)
What improves recorded detail but generates more heat at the anode? use of a small focal spot (Lang Prep, 308)
According to the line focus principle... the effective or projected focal spot size is smaller than the actual focal spot size (Lang Prep, 309)
what is the anode heel effect? FAT CAT (cathode) (Lang Prep, 309)
What is the best way to minimize voluntary motion? good communication and suspend respiration (Lang Prep, 309)
What is the best way to minimize involuntary motion? shortest possible exposure time, support part and stabilize, immobilization devices (Lang Prep, 309)
What is the greatest adversary of recorded detail? motion (Lang Prep, 3100
What are the rare earth phosphors? gadolinium, lanthanum, yttrium (Lang Prep 311)
as intensifying screen speed increases what happens to patient dose and the xray tube life? patient dose decreases and tube life increases (Lang Prep 313)
What is responsible for more than 98 percent of film emulsion exposure? fluorescent light (Lang Prep, 313)
Higher speed screens produced what kind of recorded detail? poor recorded detail as a result of greater fluorescent light diffusion (Lang Prep, 3130
As recorded detail/spatial resolution increases: focal spot size decreases, SID increases, OID decreases, motion decreases, distortion decreases, screen speed decreases
What is screen speed directly related to? screen speed is directly related to phosphor size, phosphor layer thickness and degree of reflective backing (Lang Prep, 312)
What is the reciprocity law? any combination of MA and exposure time will produce a particular mAs, will produce identical image density (Lang Prep, 317)
What describes the amount of blackening on an x-ray image or a part of the image? density (Lang Prep, 317)
what is directly proportional to the intensity/exposure rate/number of x-ray photons produced? mAs (Lang Prep 317)
What will doubling the mAs do to the density? double it (halving the mAs will reduce the density to half) (Lang Prep 318)
How much change must occur in MAs for there to be a perceptible change in density? 30% (Lang Prep, 318)
What can happen to xray photons? penetrate, scatter, absorb (Lang Prep, 320)
As SID increases what happens to exposure rate and image density? they decrease (Lang Prep, 320)
An increase in kV will do what to image density? increase it (Lang Prep, 321)
How are screen speed and image density related? directionally proportional (Lang Prep, 322)
How are screen speed and patient dose related? inversely proportional (Lang Prep, 322)
How are screen speed and image resolution/sharpness related? inverse;;y proportional (Lang Prep 322)
Gris can be stationary or moving as well as what? parallel or focused (Lang Prep 324)
What is the single most way to decrease the production of scattered radiation? limit the field size, decrease collimation (Lang Prep 329)
WHat does filtration do? reduce patient dose, increases overall average energy of xray beaM (Lang Prep 330)
What are examples or additive pathologic conditions and what do you do to adjust the technique? ascites, rheumatoid arthritis, paget disease, pneumonia, atelectasis, Chf, edematous tissue....an increase in exposure factors (Lang Prep 333)
What are examples of destructive pathologic conditions? osteoporosis, osteomalacia, pneumoperitoneum, emphysema, degenerative arthritis, atrophic and necrotic conditions (Lang Prep, 333)
What conditions are emphasized under the anode heel effect? short SIDs, large size image receptors, small anode angle xray tubes (Lang Prep 336)
High contrast is what scale? short scale (Lang Prep 340)
Low contrast is what scale? long scale (Lang Prep 340)
High contrast displays... few, very different, image/tissue densities (Lang Prep 340)
Low contrast displays... many similar iimage/tissue densities (Lang Prep 340)
High contrast is a product of what technique? lower kV, tigher collimation (Lang Prep 340)
Low contrast is a product of what technique? higher kV, larger field size (Lang Prep 340)
Created by: haleygesselman
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