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Unit 7
Cognition
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Memory | The mental capacities to encode, store, and retrieve information. |
| Declarative Memory | Memory for information, such as facts and events. |
| Procedural Memory | Memory for how things get done; the way perceptual, cognitive, and motor skills are acquired, retained, and used. |
| Echoic Memory | Sensory memory that allows auditory information to be stored for brief durations. |
| Short-term memory | Memory processes associated with preservation of recent experiences and with retrieval of information from long-term memory. |
| Chunking | The process of taking single items of information and recoding them on the basis of similarity or some other organizing principle. |
| Long-term memory (LTM) | Memory processes associated with the preservation of information for retrieval at any time. |
| Serial position effect | A characteristic of memory retrieval in which the recall of beginning and end items on a list is often better than recall of items appearing in the middle. |
| Recall | A method of retrieval in which and individual is required to reproduce the information previously presented. |
| Recognition | A method of retrieval in which an individual is required to identify stimuli as having been experienced before. |
| Retrieval cues | Internally and externally generated stimuli available to help with the retrieval of a memory. |
| Episodic memories | Long-term memories for autobiographical events and the contexts in which these occured. |
| Semantic memories | Generic, categorical memories, such as the meanings of words and concepts. |
| Interference | A memory phenomenon that occurs when retrieval cues do not point effectively to a specific memory. |
| Levels-of-processing theory | A theory that suggests that the deeper the level at which information was processed, the more likely it is to be retained in memory. |
| Priming | In the assessment of implcit memory, the advantage conferred by prior exposure to a word or situation. |
| Elaborative rehearsal | A technique for improving memory by enriching the encoding of information. |
| Mnemonics | Strategies or devices that use familiar information during the encoding of new information to enhance subsequent access to the information in memory. |
| Concepts | Mental representations of kinds or categories of items or ideas. |
| Prototype | The most representative example of a category. |
| Schemas | General conceptual frameworks or clusters of knowledge, regarding objects, people, and situations; knowledge packages that encode generalization about the structure of the environment. |
| Reconstructive memory | The process of putting information together based on general types of stored knowledge in the absence of specific memory representation. |
| Engram | The physical memory trace for information in the brain. |
| Amnesia | A failure of memory caused by physical injury, disease, drug use, or psychological trauma. |
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Mr.Knock
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