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Chapter 1
Key Terms
| Ansswer | Question |
|---|---|
| Behavior | Everything we do that can be directly observed. |
| behavioral approach | A psychological perspective emphasizing the scientific study of observable behavioral responses and their environmental determinants. |
| biological approach | A psychological perspective that examines behavior and mental processes through a focus on the body, especially the brain and nervous system. |
| cognitive approach | A psychological perspective that focuses on the mental processes involved in knowing: how we direct our attention, perceive, remember, think, and solve problems. |
| critical thinking | The process of thinking reflectively and productively, as well as evaluating evidence. |
| evolutionary approach | A psychological perspective that uses evolutionary ideas such as adaptation, reproduction, and "survival of the fittest" as the basis for explaining specific human behaviors. |
| Functionalism | An early school of psychology that was concerned with the functions and purposes of the mind and behavior in individuals' adaptation to the environment. |
| humanistic approach | A psychological perspective that emphasizes a person’s positive qualities, capacity for positive growth, and the freedom to choose any destiny. |
| mental processes | The thoughts, feelings, and motives that each of us experiences privately but that cannot be observed directly. |
| natural selection | An evolutionary process that favors organisms' traits or characteristics that are best adapted to reproduce and survive. |
| Neuroscience | The scientific study of the structure, function, development, genetics, and biochemistry of the nervous system. |
| Positive psychology movement | The push for a stronger emphasis on research involving the experiences that people value, the traits associated with optimal capacities for love and work, and positive group and civic values. |
| psychodynamic approach | A psychological perspective emphasizing unconscious thought, the conflict between biological instincts and society's demands, and early family experiences. |
| psychology | The scientific study of behavior and mental processes. |
| Psychopathology | The study of mental illness. |
| science | In psychology, the use of systematic methods to observe, describe, predict, and explain behavior. |
| sociocultural approach | A psychological perspective that examines the ways in which the social and cultural environments influence behavior. |
| Structuralism | An early school of psychology that attempted to identify the structures of the human mind. |
Created by:
Luckesm
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