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Psychology 122
chapter 15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Psychotherapies | The treatment of emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal problems through the use of psychological techniques designed to encourage understanding of problems and modify troubling feelings, behaviors, or relationships. |
| Biomedical Therapies | The use of medications, electroconvulsive therapy, or other medical treatments to treat the symptoms associated with psychological disorders. |
| Psychoanalysis | A type of psychotherapy originated by Sigmund Freud in which free association, dream interpretation, and analysis of resistance and transference are used explore repressed or unconscious impulses, anxieties, and internal conflicts. |
| Free Association | A technique used in psychoanalysis in which the patient spontaneously reports all thoughts, feelings, and mental images as they come to mind, as a way of reveling the unconscious thoughts and emotions. |
| Resistance | In psychoanalysis, the patient’s unconscious attempts to block the revelation of repressed memories and conflicts. |
| Dream Interpretation | A technique used in psychoanalysis in which the content of dreams is analyzed for disguised or symbolic wishes, meanings, and motivations. |
| Interpretation | A technique used in psychoanalysis in which the psychoanalyst offers a carefully time explanation of the patient’s dreams, free associations, or behaviors to facilitate the recognition of unconscious conflicts or motivations. |
| Transference | In psychoanalysis, the process by which emotions and disires originally associated with a significant person in the patient’s life, such as a parent, are unconsciously transferred to psychoanalyst. |
| Short-Term Dynamic Therapies | Type of psychoanalytic theory but differs in that it is typically time-limited, has specific goals, and involves and active, rather than neutral, role for the therapist. |
| Interpersonal Therapy | A brief, psychodynamic psychotherapy that focuses on current relationships and is based on the assumption that symptoms are caused and maintained by interpersonal problems. |
| Client-Centered Therapy | A type of psychotherapy developed by humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers in which the therapist is nondirective and reflective, and the client directs the focus of each therapy session; also called person-centered therapy. |
| Behavior Therapy | A type of psychotherapy that focuses on directly changing maladaptive behavior patterns by using basic learning principles and techniques; also called behavior modification. |
| Counterconditioning | A behavior therapy technique based on classical conditioning that involves modifying behavior by conditioning a new response that is incompatible with a previously learned response. |
| Systematic Desensitization | A type of behavior therapy in which phobic responses are reduced by pairing relaxation with a series of mental images or real life situations that the person finds progressively more fear provoking; based on the principle of counterconditioning. |
| Bell and Pad Treatment | A behavior therapy technique used to treat nighttime bedwetting by conditioning arousal from sleep in response to bodily signals of a full bladder. |
| Aversive Conditioning | A relatively ineffective type of behavior therapy that involves repeatedly pairing an adverse stimulus with the occurrence of undesirable behaviors or thoughts. |
| Token Economy | A form behavior therapy in which the therapeutic environment is structured to reward desired behaviors with tokens or points that may eventually be exchanged for tangible rewards. |
| Cognitive Therapies | A group of psychotherapies based on the assumption that psychological problems are due to maladaptive patterns of thinking; treatment techniques focus on recognizing and altering these unhealthy thinking patterns. |
| Rational-Emotive Therapy (RET) | A type of cognitive therapy, developed by psychologist Albert Ellis, that focuses on changing the client’s irrational beliefs. |
| Cognitive Therapy (CT) | A type of cognitive therapy, developed by psychiatrist Aaron T. Beck, that focuses on changing the client’s unrealistic beliefs. |
| Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) | Therapy that integrates cognitive and behavioral techniques and that is based on the assumptions that thoughts, moods, and behaviors are interrelated. |
| Group Therapy | A form of psychotherapy that involves one or more therapists working simultaneously with a small group of clients. |
| Family Therapy | A form of psychotherapy that is based on the assumption that the family is a system and that treats the family as a unit. |
| Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) | Therapy technique in which the client holds a vivid mental image of a troubling event or situation while rapidly moving his or her eyes back and forth in response to the therapist’s waving finger |
| Exposure Therapy | Behavioral therapy for phobias, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, or related anxiety disorders in which the person is repeatedly exposed to the disturbing object or situations under controlled conditions. |
| Eclecticism | The pragmatic and integrated use of techniques from different psychotherapists. |
| Psychotropic Medications | Drug that alter mental functions, alleviate psychological symptoms, and are used to treat psychological or mental disorders. |
| Antipsychotic Medications | Prescription drugs that are used to reduce psychotic symptoms; frequently used in the treatment of schizophrenia; also called neuroleptics. |
| Atypical Antipsychotic Medications | Newer antipsychotic medications that, in contrast to earlier antipsychotic drugs, block dopamine receptors in the brain regions associated with psychotic symptoms rather than more globally throughout the brain, resulting in fewer side effects. |
| Antianxiety Medications | Prescription drugs that are used to alleviate the symptoms of anxiety. |
| Lithium | A naturally occurring substance that is used in the treatment of bipolar disorder. |
| Antidepressant Medications | Prescription drug that are used to reduce the symptoms associated with depression. |
| Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors | Class of antidepressant medications that increase the availability of serotonin in the brain and cause fewer side effects than earlier antidepressants; they include Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft. |
| Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) | A biomedical therapy used primarily in the treatment of depression that involves electrically inducing a brief brain seizure; also called electroshock therapy or shock therapy. |
| Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) | while the therapist administers some other form of bilateral stimulation, such as sound tone in alternate ears. |
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SaraMcKenzie
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