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Psychology 122
chapter 13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Stress | A negative emotional state occurring in response to events that are perceived as taxing or exceeding a person’s resources or ability to cope. |
| Health Psychology | The branch of psychology that studies how biological, behavioral, and social factors influence health, illness, and medical treatment, and health-related behaviors. |
| Biopsychosocial Model | The belief that physical health and illness are determined by the complex interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors. |
| Stressor | Events or situations that are perceived as harmful, threatening, and challenging. |
| Daily Hassles | Everyday minor events that annoy and upset people. |
| Conflict | A situation in which a person feel pulled between two or more opposing desires, motives, or goals. |
| Acculturative Stress | The stress that results from the pressure of adapting to a new culture. |
| Fight or Flight Response | A rapidly occurring chain of internal physical reactions that prepare people to fight or take flight from an immediate threat. |
| Catecholamines | Hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla that cause rapid physiological arousal; including adrenaline and nonadrenaline. |
| General Adaption Syndrome | Selye’s term for the three stages of progression of physical changes that occur when an organism is exposed to intense and prolonged stress. The three stages are the alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. |
| Corticosteroids | Hormones released by the adrenal cortex that play a key role in the body’s response to long term stressors. |
| Immune System | Body system that produces specialized white blood cells that protect the body from viruses, bacteria, and tumor cells. |
| Lymphocytes | Specialized white blood cells that are responsible for immune defenses. |
| Psychoneuroimmunology | An interdisciplinary field that studies the interconnections among psychological processes, nervous and endocrine system functions, and the immune system. |
| Optimistic Explanatory Style | Accounting for negative events or situations with external, unstable, and specific explanations. |
| Pessimistic Explanatory Style | Accounting for negative events or situations with internal, stable, and global explanations. |
| Type A Behavior Patterns | A behavior and emotional style characterized by a sense of time urgency, hostility, and competitiveness. |
| Social Support | The resources provided by other people in times of need. |
| Coping | Behavioral and cognitive responses used to deal with stressors; involves our efforts to change circumstances, or our interpretation of circumstances, to make them more favorable and less threatening. |
| Problem-Focused Coping | Coping efforts primarily aimed at directly changing or managing a threatening or harmful stressor. |
| Emotion-Focused Coping | Coping efforts primarily aimed at relieving or regulating the emotional impact of stressful situation. |
| Robert Ader (b.1932) | American psychologist who, with immunologist Nicholas Cohen, first demonstrated that immune system responses could be classically conditioned; helped establish the new interdisciplinary field of Psychoneuroimmunology. |
| Walter B. Cannon (1871-1945) | American psychologist who made several important contributions to psychology, especially in the study of emotions. Described the fight-or-flight response, which involves the sympathetic nervous system and the endocrine system. |
| Janice Kiecolt-Glaser (b.1951) | American psychologist who, with immunologist Ronald Glaser, has conducted extensive research on the effects of stress on the immune system. |
| Richard Lazarus (1922-2002) | American psychologist who helped promote the cognitive perspective on emotion and stress; developed the cognitive appraisal model of stress and coping with co-researcher Susan Folkman. |
| Martin Seligman (b.1942) | American psychologist who conducted research on explanatory style and the role it plays in stress, health, and illness. |
| Hans Selye (1907-1982) | Canadian endocrinologist who was a pioneer in stress research; defined stress as “the nonspecific response of the body to any demand placed on it” and described a three-stage response to prolonged stress that he termed the general adaptive syndrome. |
Created by:
SaraMcKenzie
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