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Chapter 12
Cardiovascular System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Your entire system of blood vessels, including arteries, veins, and capillaries, is this long | 60,000 miles |
| The three functional parts of the heart | cardiac muscle (myocardium), conducting system, and blood supply |
| Chest pain due to an imbalance between oxygen supply and oxygen demand | angina |
| Even if a person has a genetic tendency towards heart disease, these can facilitate healthy heart function and help prolong their life | proper diet, exercise, and rest |
| The three types of angina | Stable, unstable, and variant |
| Risk factors for angina | Advanced age, coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, smoking, type A personality |
| The three major classes of drugs used to treat angina | beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, and nitrates |
| The primary side effect of beta blockers | bradycardia |
| The drug class most used for angina | nitrates |
| The drug of choice for acute angina attacks | nitroglycerin |
| Any variation from the normal rhythm of the heart | arrhythmia |
| Normal cardiac rhythm is generated by this at approximately 70 - 80 beats per minutes | sinoatrial node |
| excessively high heart rate | tachycardia |
| The most important drug in managing atrial flutter and fibrillation | digoxin (Lanoxin) |
| Disease where the pumping ability of the heart can no longer meet the metabolic needs of the body's tissues | congestive heart failure (CHF) |
| Accumulation of fluid in the body's tissues | edema |
| Primary causes of heart failure | cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertention (HTN) |
| The most troublesome side effect of ACE inhibitors | persistent dry cough |
| A disease in which the systolic blood pressure is greater than 140 and diastolic is greater than 90 | hypertension |
| The only antihypertensive drug supplied as a transdermal patch | Catapres (clonidine) |
| This vasodilator also goes by the name of Viagra | Revatio (sildenafil) |
| Another name for a heart attack | myocardial infarction (MI) |
| What can be done to reduce the risk of a heart attack? | stop smoking, exercise, decrease alcohol consumption, control diabetes, aspirin therapy, lower cholesterol |
| Another name for a blood clot | thrombus |
| A sudden blocking of the pulmonary artery | pulmonary embolism |
| This prevents clot formation by inhibiting clotting factors | anticoagulant |
| This class of drug dissolves clots by binding to the clot protein formed by fibrin | fibrinolytics |
| The result of an event that interrupts the oxygen supply to a localized area of the brain | stroke |
| The two primary events that cause a stroke | ischemic stroke, cerebral hemorrhage |
| "Good cholesterol" | HDL |
| "Bad cholesterol" | LDL |
| Cholesterol lowering drugs are always used as an adjunct to this | proper diet control |
| HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are known at "statins" for this reason | They all end in -statin. Ex: lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin |
| The reason why statins should be taken at night | The body produces more cholesterol at night |
Created by:
sarakiefer
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