Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
SALT
SALT - 9th Science - Chp 1-9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| scientific method | observing, hypothesizing, experimenting |
| scientific law | a verified theory that has stood the test of time |
| SI or metric system | the system of measurement used by scientists around the world |
| kilo | 1,000 |
| centi | 1/100 |
| milli | 1/1,000 |
| accuracy | the exactness of a measurement |
| precision | the repeatability or consistency of a series of measurements |
| scientific notation | 2.8 x 105 is equivalent to 280,000 |
| meteorology | study of earth’s atmosphere and weather |
| weather | the state of the earth’s atmosphere at a given time and place |
| climate | the year-round atmospheric conditions typical of a certain place |
| nitrogen | the most abundant gas in the atmosphere |
| atmospheric pressure | 14.7 psi at sea level |
| troposphere | the “weather layer” of the atmosphere |
| stratosphere | the layer of the earth’s atmosphere having strong steady winds but few changes of weather |
| mesosphere | third layer of the earth’s atmosphere |
| thermosphere | a layer of the earth’s atmosphere characterized by high temperatures but is practically a vacuum |
| exosphere | the outermost layer of the earth’s atmosphere |
| ozone | harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun is blocked by O2 and O3 in the oxide layer of the upper stratosphere |
| convection | heat transferred by warm currents within a fluid |
| conduction | the transfer of heat by direct contact |
| radiation | heat transferred by electromagnetic waves |
| greenhouse effect | the trapping of heat in the earth’s atmosphere by gases such as water vapor and carbon dioxide |
| stratus clouds | heavy clouds that form a flat, gray layer not far above the ground |
| cirrus clouds | a high, thin, delicate cloud, consisting of ice crystals |
| cumulus clouds | a white, billowy cloud that resembles a pile of cotton puffs in the sky |
| lenticular clouds | shaped like a lens |
| nimbo | means rain |
| front | a boundary between two air masses |
| tornado | a narrow funnel of powerful, rapidly whirling winds, usually created by a severe thunderstorm |
| hurricane | a storm with winds that exceed 74 mph |
| oceanography | study of the seas |
| thermocline | the boundary in the ocean where cold, deep ocean water meets the sun-warmed water nearer the surface |
| Challenger Deep | the deepest known point in the sea, located in the Marianas Trench near Guam |
| Gulf Stream | a well-know ocean current that flows up the coast of North America and then sweeps across the Atlantic toward Europe |
| tsunamis | gigantic sea waves formed by earthquakes, volcanic explosions, or undersea landslides |
| sodium chloride (table salt) | the most common substance dissolved in the sea |
| sediment | deposits of sand and mineral fragments, usually laid down by water |
| proton | a positively charged subatomic particle found within the nucleus of an atom |
| neutron | a subatomic particle with no electrical charge found within the nucleus of an atom |
| electron | a negatively charged subatomic particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom; most atoms seek to have 8 electrons in their outer shell |
| nucleus of an atom | contains protons and neutrons |
| atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| atomic mass | the average mass (protons and neutrons) of the various isotopes of an element compared to the mass of a carbon-12 atom |
| mass number | the number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus |
| element | substance composed of only one type of atom |
| compound | substance composed of different types of atoms linked together |
| mixture | substances composed of elements or compounds that are physically mixed but not chemically united |
| covalent bond | type of chemical bond within a molecule that involves the sharing of electrons from one atom to another |
| ionic bond | type of chemical bond within a molecule that involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another |
| dipolar force | intermolecular force that affects all polar molecules |
| hydrogen bond | the strongest of all intermolecular forces (forces between molecules) |
| London force | a weak intermolecular force that exists between all molecules; caused by temporary imbalance in electron distribution |
| nuclear fusion | the process in which two small atomic nuclei are joined to form a larger nucleus, releasing energy |
| nuclear fission | the splitting of an atomic nucleus |
| quantum theory | states that tiny particles such as electrons do not absorb or release energy smoothly |
| quark theory | tiny particles are thought to compose protons, neutrons, and certain other subatomic particles |
| entropy | the amount of decay or disorder in a system |
| vapor pressure | the tendency of the molecules of a liquid at a given temperature to evaporate as a result of random molecular motion |
| pH of an acid | less than 7 |
| pH of an base | more than 7 |
| pH of a neutral substance | 7 |
| organic chemistry | the study of compounds containing the element carbon |
| endothermic reaction | a chemical reaction in which the products grow colder than the reactants |
| exothermic reaction | a chemical reaction in which heat energy is released |
| electrolysis | the process of passing an electric current through a solution in order to cause a chemical reaction |
| amino acids | the building blocks of proteins |
| enzyme | a special globular protein used to initiate or regulate a chemical reaction in a cell |
| gene | a segment of DNA containing the code for a specific substance, task, or characteristic |
| second law of thermodynamics | states that heat and other natural processes in a system always tend toward less usable energy and greater disorder |
| geology | study of the earth |
| crust | the earth’s outer layer of rock |
| oxygen | the most abundant element in the earth’s crust |
| San Andreas fault | a large, well-known stride-slip fault in western California |
| elastic rebound theory | states that rocks spring back to a position of little or no strain at the moment of an earthquake, causing vibrations in the earth’s crust |
| plate tectonics theory | states that the earth’s crust and upper mantle consist of huge plates that slowly drift as a result of convection currents in the mantle |
| seismology | study of earthquakes |
| seismograph | an instrument used to record the vibrations caused by earthquakes |
| mineralogy | study of inorganic, crystalline substances found naturally in the earth |
| beryl | two forms of this mineral are emerald and aquamarine |
| corundum | two forms of this mineral are ruby and sapphire |
| carbon | two forms of this element are graphite and diamond |
| native element | an element that occurs naturally in its pure form, uncombined with other elements |
| precious stone | the rarest, most durable, and most beautiful minerals of all prized for their hardness, color, and “fire” |
| cleavage | the tendency of a mineral to break readily along certain flat surfaces, producing fragments with the same shape as a parent mineral |
| hardness | the resistance of the smooth surface of a mineral to being scratched |
| luster | the way light is reflected from the surface of a mineral crystal |
| specific gravity | the ratio of an object’s density to the density of water |
| carbonate | any mineral containing the CO32- ion |
| ore | any mineral that contains a valuable metallic element |
| igneous rock | type of rock formed when magma, or molten rock, solidifies |
| granite | the most common of all igneous rocks |
| obsidian | igneous rock with a smooth, glasslike texture |
| metamorphic rock | type of rock formed when preexisting rocks are altered by heat or pressure |
| marble | example of metamorphic rock |
| pumice | metamorphic porous, lightweight rock |
| sedimentary rock | type of rock formed when deposits of sand and mineral fragments are cemented together |
| shale | the most common sedimentary rock |
| sandstone | a sedimentary rock that consists of grains of sand (quartz) cemented tighter into rock |
| stratum | a single layer of sedimentary rock |
| conglomerate rock | a sedimentary rock that consists of smooth pebbles embedded in hardened sand or clay |
Created by:
kbtarheelgirl
Popular Physical Science sets