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Materials
Materials (Key Stage 3)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Three ways by which materials can be classified are . . . | melting point, boiling point and density |
| Particles in a solid are . . . | held close together in fixed places by strong forces of attraction. They can only vibrate |
| Particles in a liquid are . . . | free to move around but are still quite close together |
| Particles in a gas are . . . | far apart and moving randomly at high speeds. There are no forces of attraction. |
| When a solid changes to a liquid we say it is . . . | melting |
| When a liquid changes to a solid it . . . | freezes |
| When a liquid changes to a gas it is . . . | evaporating or boiling ( at it boiling point) |
| When a gas changes to a liquid we say it . . . | condenses |
| When a solid changes to a gas without becoming a liquid first we say it . . . | sublimes |
| Pressure in a gas is caused by . . . | gas molecules colliding with the walls of the container |
| When particles of a gas pass through the walls of a container we call this . . . | diffusion (also applies to liquids) |
| Each of the elements in the Periodic Table consists of . . . | atoms |
| A compound is a chemical combination of different . . . | atoms |
| Particles of a compound are not atoms but . . . | molecules |
| Different elements are represented in the Periodic Table by different . . . | symbols |
| The chemical symbol for lead is . . . | Pb (plumbum in Latin) |
| The chemical symbol for sodium is . . . | Na ( natrium in Latin) |
| The chemical symbol for carbon is . . . | C ( carbon in English !) |
| The chemical symbol for hydrogen is . . . | H ( obviously !) |
| The chemical symbol for potassium is . . . | K ( Kalium - check out www.webelements.com ) |
| Physical properties of elements differ widely, such as . . . | appearance, state at room temperature, thermal and electrical conductivity and magnetic properties |
| Elements can also be divided into two different classes . . . | metals and non-metals |
| Water is a compound of . . . | hydrogen and oxygen (H2O) |
| Carbon dioxide is agas at room temperature. It is composed of . . . | carbon and oxygen (CO2) |
| When magnesium ribbon burns in air it . . . | emits a bright white light and form magnesium oxide ( a white powder or ash) |
| Common salt is known to chemists as . . . | sodium chloride (NaCl) |
| Most minerals are chemical . . . | compounds with a definite composition |
| A chemical reaction is usually represented by a . . . | formula or word equation |
| When sulphur combines with oxygen it forms a gas called . . . | sulphur dioxide ( this is an irritant to the lungs) |
| When carbon burns in an inadequate supply of air it forms . . . | carbon monoxide ( a poisonous gas) |
| A substance in which constituents are not combined is called a . . . | mixture ( e.g. most rocks) |
| Mixtures can be separated by using . . . | distillation, chromatography or dissolving and evaporating |
| When a physical change takes place . . . | mass is conserved |
| The ability of a substance to dissolve in water is called its . . . | solubility |
| The solubility of a substance varies with . . . | temperature |
| When no more of a substance will dissolve, the solution is . . . | saturated |
| A change of state from solid to liquid requires . . . | energy to be supplied (to break bonds) |
| A change of state from gas to liquid releases . . . | energy as heat (bonds are formed) |
| When water freezes it . . . | expands |
| Ice is less dense than water because . . . | the molecules are further apart in the solid state |
| The effect on rocks of expansion and contraction and freezing of water is called . . . | weathering |
| Rocks which are formed by volcanic activity are called . . . | igneous |
| Rocks which are formed under water are called . . . | sedimentary |
| Rocks which are changed by the effects of pressure and heat are called . . . | metamorphic |
| Molten rock below the surface of the Earth is caled . . . | magma |
| Molten rock which escapes on to the Earth's surface is called . . . | lava |
| When a chemical reaction takes place the mass of the products is equal to . . . | the mass of the reactants |
| Chemical change is often irreversible. For example . . . | the ripening of fruit ( or the setting of superglue) |
| Burning fossil fuels can produce harmful effects on the environment such as . . . | acid rain and pollution ( global warming) |
Created by:
J Thomson
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