Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chapter 9
The Human Puzzle Chapter 9 Study Materials
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Agoraphobia | Intense anxiety about, or avoidance of, unfamiliar places. |
| Amok | A primarily male disorder common to Malaysia and other Southeast Asian countries, characterized by violent, homicidal episodes followed by amnesia. |
| Anorexia Nervosa | A medical condition, not due to any detectable illness, involving an obsessive fear of gaining weight. |
| Asperger’s Syndrome | A developmental disorder characterized by impaired social interactions and repetitive behavior patterns. Now considered one of the autism spectrum disorders. |
| Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) | A disorder marked by excessive general activity for a child’s age, attention problems, high impulsivity, and low frustration tolerance. Also termed hyperactivity. |
| Autism | A complex developmental disability marked by impairments in social interaction and communication skills. Classified as a pervasive mental disorder. |
| Aversive Conditioning | A behavior modification technique that tries to condition negative feelings toward a situation in order to bring about avoidance behavior. |
| Behavior Modification | The systematic application of learning principles in attempts to change behavior. |
| Bipolar Disorder | Formerly manic depression, a disorder marked by alternating cycles of depressive and manic episodes. |
| Brain Fag | A form of study-induced mental exhaustion found primarily in West Africa, evident in depression, insomnia, anxiety, and learning problems. |
| Conduct Disorder | A child and adolescent disorder marked by behaviors that violate the rights of others without apparent feelings of guilt, often evident in bullying, fighting, threatening, vandalism, theft, and so on. |
| Delusions | False beliefs that are held with absolute conviction and that cannot be changed even in the face of compelling contrary proof. |
| Depersonalization Disorder | An Axis IDSM-IV-TR disorder marked by feelings of unreality, as though everything were a dream. |
| Dissociative Disorders | Disorders that involve separating certain memories or thoughts from normal consciousness. |
| Dissociative Fugue | A rare disorder marked by sudden and unexpected departure from one’s home and life with accompanying amnesia. |
| Dissociative Identity Disorder | Formerly multiple personality disorder, characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personalities, each of which dominates at different times. |
| Drug Tolerance | Habituation to a drug. Evident in the observation that the effects of a drug often lessen with increasing use. |
| Dysphoria | The opposite of euphoria; a common feature of drug withdrawal. |
| Dysthymic Disorder | Marked by a serious, chronic depression lasting at least 2 years. |
| Ethnic Psychosis | A mental disorder such as Windigo that is specific to an ethnic group. |
| Exposure Therapy | A form of therapy in which the patient confronts phobias or anxieties directly in the therapy session. |
| Free Association | A psychoanalytic technique whereby the patient says whatever comes to mind. |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder | Persistent free-floating anxiety and worry lasting atleast 6 months. |
| Hallucinations | A distortion in a person’s perception of reality. A false perception. |
| Hallucinogens | A class of drugs, like LSD and ecstasy (MDMA), that change thought processes and perceptions and can produce hallucinations. |
| Heritability Coefficient | The proportion of the total variation in a trait that is due to heredity. High heritability means that a large proportion of the variation in a characteristic is caused by a variation in genes. |
| Impulse-Control Disorder | Marked by the repeated inability to refrain from a behavior that is harmful or seriously distressful. |
| Insanity | A legal term based on a court decision regarding a person’s knowledge of right and wrong. |
| Intellectual Disability | Commonly called mental retardation, a significant general depression in the ability to learn, usually accompanied by deficits in adaptive behavior. |
| Intermittent Explosive Disorder | An impulse-control disorder marked by recurring failure to resist aggressive impulses, leading to excessive violence against people or property. |
| Major Depressive Disorder | Disorder marked by one or more major depressive episodes. |
| Major Depressive Episode | At least 2 weeks of significantly depressed mood, loss of interest, and other symptoms of depression. |
| Mental Block | A Freudian term for the ego’s defenses against revealing sensitive information. |
| Mental Disorder | Nonnormal patterns of behavior or thought that are associated with distress and/or significant disadvantage in coping with the environment. |
| Model | A pattern for behavior that can be copied by someone. Also refers to descriptions of objects or phenomena. In science, models often serve as a sort of mental guide. |
| Mood Disorders | Mental disorders involving mood disturbance—for example, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. |
| Narcotics | Class of addictive drugs, like opium and morphine, that reduce pain and result in a sense of well-being. |
| Neuroses | A once common label for a variety of milder mental disorders characterized by anxiety and fear. |
| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder | Characterized by obsessions (recurring, irrational thoughts) and/or compulsions (repetitive, anxiety-causing behaviors). |
| Oppositional Defiant Disorder | A disorder marked by extremely disobedient, hostile, and defiant behavior in the face of authority. |
| Panic Attack | An episode of intense fear or terror associated with feelings of impending doom and often leading to physical symptoms like heart palpitations. |
| Panic Disorder | Recurrent panic attacks, which cause the individual persistent anxiety. |
| Paradoxical Effect | Literally, a surprising or contradictory effect; used to describe the apparently sedating effect that some stimulants (such as Ritalin) have on children who suffer from excessive activity. |
| Paraphilia | Intense, recurrent sexual urges that involve unusual objects or activities. |
| Personality Disorders | A grouping of 10 disorders marked by maladaptive and unexpected patterns of functioning that lead to distress or impairment. |
| Phobia | An intense, irrational fear, triggered by any one of a number of objects or situations. |
| Pibloktoq | Arctic hysteria, a 19th-century form of madness found almost exclusively among the Inuit, marked by bouts of screaming and crying and sometimes shedding one’s clothing. |
| Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) | A severe anxiety disorder resulting from exposure to a traumatic event or series of events. |
| Prefrontal Lobotomy | A seldom used medical procedure in which fibers connecting the thalamus to the prefrontal and frontal lobes of the brain are severed. |
| Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) | A cognitive/behavioral approach to mental disorder that helps the individual recognize and replace irrational beliefs. |
| Schizophrenia | A severe disorder involving significantly distorted perceptions of reality, including delusions and hallucinations. |
| Sedatives | A class of drugs, like alcohol and tranquilizers, that slow brain function and have a soothing effect. |
| Social Phobia | Excessive fear of embarrassment in social situations, often leading to avoidance. |
| Somatoform Disorders | A grouping of mental disorders characterized by physical complaints that appear to be medical in nature but cannot be explained by injury, disease, drug abuse, or other mental disorders. |
| Specific Learning Disability | A depression in the ability to learn specific things (for example, reading or arithmetic), where the learning difficulties are not related to intellectual disability or emotional disturbance. |
| Specific Phobia | Excessive and unreasonable fear brought about by a specific stimulus. |
| Stimulants | A class of drugs, like amphetamines and cocaine, that increase arousal and energy. |
| Substance-Related Disorders | Disorders related to drug abuse or to the effects of various chemical or gaseous substances, including medications. |
| Susto | A Latino disorder marked by listlessness, muscle tics, and anxiety and attributed to the loss of one’s soul following some trauma. |
| Systematic Desensitization | A behavior modification technique that attempts to replace undesirable responses with more desirable responses through conditioning. |
| Transference | A psychoanalytic process whereby the patient transfers to the therapist emotions and feelings originally directed elsewhere. |
| Windigo | A primarily male disorder found among some Native American tribes in which the victim becomes convinced that he will become a Windigo—a person-eating creature. |
| Withdrawal Symptoms | Symptoms that result from cessation of drug use following addiction. |
Created by:
AlignStudyStack
Popular Psychology sets