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Science Review
6th Grade Science Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Matter | the substance that every physical object is made of |
| Atom | the smallest component of matter |
| Proton | Positively charged (+) piece of an atom found in the nucleus |
| Neutron | Neutral (no charge) piece of an atom found in the nucleus |
| Electron | Negatively (-) charged piece of an atom that orbits the nucleus |
| Nucleus | The center of an atom containing protons and neutrons |
| Element | a simple chemical substance organized on the Periodic Table |
| Phase | a stage in a process of change or development |
| Solid | a body or object having three dimensions (length, width, and height); rigid |
| Liquid | a substance that takes the form of its container; not rigid, fluid |
| Gas | a substance with no definite shape (ex: water vapor, oxygen) |
| Plasma | super heated gas that has a electric charge |
| Periodic Table | a table illustrating the periodic system, in which the chemical elements are ordered by atomic number |
| Amorphous Solid | A solid that can easily change between states of matter |
| Crystalline Solid | A solid that stays in its rigid form |
| Boiling Point | the temperature at which a substance boils (Liquid Gas) |
| Melting Point | the temperature at which a solid melts (SolidLiquid) |
| Density | The state or quality of being dense compactness or heavy for its size |
| Solubility | the ability to dissolve in water |
| Mass | the amount of matter something has |
| Weight | The force that gravity exerts upon an object |
| Mechanical Energy | related to the movement of objects or its position in gravity |
| Sound Energy | relates to the repetitive compression (squeezing) and rarefaction (letting out) of molecules in a substance (solid liquid or gas). |
| Chemical Energy | related to the potential energy stored in the bonds between atoms in a compound |
| Radiant (Light) Energy | related to the vibrations of an electrical charge or magnetic field that produces electromagnetic waves that can travel through a vacuum such as space |
| Electrical Energy | related to the movement or flow of electrons which carry a charge |
| Thermal (Heat) Energy | related to the motion of atoms or molecules in a substance |
| Nuclear Energy | related to the potential energy stored in bonds between particles in the nucleus of an atom |
| Potential Energy | stored energy and the energy of positional gravitational energy |
| Kinetic Energy | energy of motion — of waves |
| Longitudinal Wave | particles of the medium are displaced in a direction parallel to energy transport (slinky) |
| Transverse Wave | particles of the medium are displaced in a direction perpendicular to the direction of energy transport |
| Light | particles or waves that makes things visible |
| Electromagnetic Spectrum | the entire spectrum, a continuum, of all kinds of electric, magnetic, and visible radiation, from gamma rays |
| Translucent | allowing some light to pass through, blurry image can be seen |
| Transparent | allows most light to pass through, clear image can be seen. |
| Opaque | reflection or absorption of all light, no image can be seen |
| Refraction | the bending of light when it moves from one kind of matter to another |
| Reflection | the bouncing of light off an object |
| Absorption | the stopping of light when it hits a wall or other opaque objects |
| Prism | a solid object that can bend light, not a lens |
| Cornea | Transparent cover of the eye |
| Pupil | Opening of the eye that allows light to enter |
| Iris | Ring of muscle that contracts and expands to change the size of the pupil. Also give the eye its color. |
| Retina | Layer of cells that lines the inside of the eyeball. It is made up of rods and cones. |
| Rods | Cells that allow you to see dim light |
| Cones | Cells that allow you to see color |
| Optic Nerve | Sends a signal to the brain along a short thick nerve |
| Near-Sighted | eye is too long, which causes a person to see objects in the distance blurry |
| Far-Sighted | eye is too short, which causes a person to see objects close up as blurry |
| Primary Colors | Three colors that combine to make any other color |
| Complimentary Colors | Any two colors that combine to form white light |
| Pigments | Color substances that are used to color other materials |
| Longitudinal or Compression Wave | particles of the medium are displaced in a direction parallel to energy transport (looks like a slinky) Ex Sound Waves |
| Transverse Wave | particles of the medium are displaced in a direction perpendicular to the direction of energy transport.Ex Light Waves |
| Auricle | Outer part of the ear which we can see. Channels sound into the inner ear |
| Outer Ear Canal | produces ear wax and continues to funnel sound waves to the ear drum |
| Eardrum | located in the middle ear and is a sensitive piece of tightly stretched skin that turn the sound waves into vibrations |
| Ossicles | small bones located in the inner ear that helps to send sound waves to the cochlea. The ossicles include the hammer, anvil and stirrup bones |
| Cochlea | small curved tube filled with liquid that sends messages to the brain |
| Eustachian tube | a small tube connecting your middle ear to the back of your nose that acts like a pressure valve (makes your ears pop when air escapes) |
| Geologist | a scientist who studies what the earth is made of and how it was formed |
| Seismic Waves | waves produced by an earthquake that are studied to learn more about the Earth’s interior |
| Pressure | the force pressing on an area |
| Crust | Top layer of the Earth’s interior that includes dry land and the ocean floor |
| Mantle | under the crust this layer is made up of hot, solid rock |
| Core | is the third main layer of the earth’s interior. The earth has a liquid outer core and a solid inner core. |
| Basalt | a type of rock in the oceanic crust of the earth; is dark in color and has a fine texture |
| Granite | a type of rock in continental crust; is light in color and has a coarse texture |
| Pollutant | Substances that cause pollution |
| Emissions | Pollutants that are released into the air |
| Photochemical Smog | Thick, brownish haze formed when certain gases react with sunlight |
| Ozone | The gases found in smog react in the sunlight to form an oxygen like substance known as ozone |
| Temperature Inversion | Weather condition where a layer of warm air prevents the rising air from escaping. As a result, the polluted air is trapped and held close to the Earth’s surface |
| Acid Rain | Precipitation that is more acidic than normal because of air pollutants. It is caused by emissions from power plants and factories that burn coal and oil |
| Radon | Colorless, odorless radioactive gas that naturally occurs because of certain rock types underground |
| Ground Water | the water stored in soil and rock beneath the Earth’s Surface |
| Pesticides | chemicals that kill crop-destroying organisms |
| Sediments | particles of rock and sand |
| Weathering | the process that breaks down rock and other substances at the earth’s surface |
| Erosion | the removal of rock particles by wind, water, ice or gravity |
| Mechanical Weathering | type of weathering where the rocks are physically broken down into smaller pieces |
| Ice Wedging | When water expands and freezes creating cracks in rocks. Over time water continues to seep into rock creating bigger cracks eventually breaking the rock into pieces |
| Chemical Weathering | the process that breaks down rocks chemically (ex water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, acid rain) |
| Permeable | the material is full of tiny connected spaces that allow water to seep through it |
| Soil | loose weathered material on the Earth’s surface in which plants can grow |
| Bedrock | solid layer of rock beneath the soil |
| Humus | a dark colored substance that forms as remains of animals or plants decay |
| Soil Fertility | how well soil supports plant growth |
| Loam | soil that is made up of equal parts sand, silt and clay |
| Topsoil | crumbly, dark brown soil that is a mixture of humus, clay and minerals (Horizon A) |
| Subsoil | located underneath topsoil (Horizon B) usually consists of clay and minerals that wash down from Horizon A. |
| Litter | loose layer of leaves and dead grass |
| Decomposers | organisms that break the remains of dead organisms into smaller pieces and digest them into chemicals |
| Sod | thick mass of tough roots at the surface of soil |
| Dust Bowl | Area of the Great Plains that was experiencing a severe drought in the 1930s. Because of the drought, the soil became infertile and wind erosion carried the soil in huge dust clouds. |
| Soil Conservation | the management of soil to prevent its destruction |
| Crop Rotation | when a farmer plants different crops in a field each year |
Created by:
brugnoc
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