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sterile products
chapter 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| sterile products may be compounded into these 5 elements | *inhalants *enterals *topicals *opthalmics *otics |
| injectables are administered in such a way that they bypass one of the greatest barriers to contamination.._______________ | the skin |
| enterals | a method of nutrient delivery in which the medication is given directly into the gastrointestinal tract |
| coring | transferring part of the rubber stopper of the vial or container into a solution bag because of improper needle stick |
| pH defined | the measure of how acidic or basic a solution is |
| p stands for _______________________ H stands for ______________________ | p = potenz "potential to be" H = hydrogen |
| pH scale range is from #_______ (extremely acidic) #_______(extremely basic) | 0 to 14 |
| "bases" defined | are substances that increase the number of hydroxIDE ions(OH) and thus remove the hydroGEN ions |
| when the pH rises the concentration becomes more_________ | more basic |
| when the pH falls the concentration becomes more_______ | more acidic |
| the pH scale is logarithmic: a decrease of one unit on this scale represents multiplying acidity ____________times | ten |
| a pH of 6.9 or below is considered a _________________ | acid |
| anything with a pH of 7.1 and above is considered an_________ | alkali or base |
| human blood has a pH of ______ | 7.4 |
| most parental have an acidic range of (high) #________ | 6.2 |
| most parental have an acidic range of (low) #________ | 3.5 |
| what are the 3 types of incompatablilty | *physical *chemical *therapeutic |
| name 5 types of physical changes_________,__________,__________,___________,______________ | precipitation, cloudiness, temperature, color change, seperation |
| what happens in a chemical (incompatability) reaction________________________________________________________________________________________________ | a change in the molecular structure or activity of the ingredients |
| what happens in a therapeutic incompatability reaction | occurs when given 2 or more drugs within a short period of time results in decreased effectiveness on 1 or more of the ingredients |
| trissels handbook of injectable drugs | contains detailed compatability and stability information for many injectable solutions |
| other factors to consider with incompatability include (4)___________,__________,___________,_____________ | *concentrations * dilutions *order of mixing *preservatives |
| stability defined | refers to the ability of the product to remain stable until used or the expiration date |
| factors that contribute to the stability is (4)________,_________,__________,______________ | *temperature * length of time on the shelf *light sensativity *chemical reactions over time |
| in a hospital setting, sterile compounded products typically maintain a shelf life of | 24-48 hrs |
| hypotonic defined | a solution with a concentration less than 0.9% saline or less than 5% dextrose |
| hypertonic defined | a solution with a concentration greater than 0.9% saline or greater than 5% dextrose |
| solute defined | any substnace that dissolves another substance |
| tonicity refers to ____________________________________________________ | response of cells or tissues to the solutions in which they are immersed |
| isotonic defined | describes a solution with the same tonicity as another solution |
| isotonic solutions in the human body fall in the range of ____________to _________milliosmoles per liter | 280-310 |
| osmolality defined | the concentration of solute in a solution per unit of solvent,commonly expressed as milliosmoles per kg |
| osmolarity defined | the concentration of solute in a solution per unit of solution,commonly expressed as milliosmoles per liter |
| molality | is the number of moles of a solute per kg of solvent |
| molarity | is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution |
| sterile products have properties that must be taken into consideration(6)_______,_______,_______,_______,_______,______________ | *pH *compatability *stability *tonicity *osmolality *osmolarity |
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Rx14phx
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