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AP Psych

Chapter 10- Testing and Individual Differences

TermDefinition
Intelligence (psychology definition) The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and se knowledge to adapt to new situations.
Debates over intelligence 1)Does each of us have an inborn intelligence and can/should we classify it as a quantifiable number? 2) Is intelligence one general ability or several specific abilities.
Sir Francis Galton Fascinated bu measuring mental abilities with physical characteristics such as head size.
Eugenics Encouraging only the smartest and fittest to reproduce (Considered to be well-born white males)
Alfred Binet Commissioned by the French government to determine children's abilities in school.
Mental age Chronological are that corresponds to a given level of performance.
William Stern Derived the term "Intelligence Quotient"
Intelligence Quotient (IQ) (Mental Age/Chronological age)x100
Lewis Terman Adapted and created the "Stanford-Binet" Intelligence test which changed terminology and extended range from teenagers to adults.
Problems with the IQ formula Not consistent or reliable.
Factor analysis A statistical Procedure that identifies cluster of related items.
Charles Spearman Created the concept of "g" (general intelligence).
"g" (general intelligence) Underlies all four intelligence behavior.
Howard Gardner Views intelligence as multiple abilities that come in packages.
Savant A condition where a person has a neuro-developmental disorder but is exceptional in one area.
Visual/ Spatial intelligence Aware of the space around you (Artists)
Verbal/ Linguistic intelligence Aware and good with words (Poets)
Logical/ Mathematical Good with numbers and data (Scientists)
Bodily/ Kinesthetic Good with bodily movement (Dancers)
Musical/ Rhythmic Good with counting and sounds (Composer)
Interpersonal Good interacting with people (Gandhi)
Intrapersonal Good with self-reflection (psychiatrist)
Naturalist Good with nature (Naturalist)
Robert Sternberg Formulated the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence.
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence Composed of three parts: Analytical Intelligence, Practical Intelligence, Creative Intelligence.
Analytical Intelligence Academic problem solving.
Practical Intelligence Required for everyday tasks, which are frequently ill-define with multiple solutions
Creative Intelligence Generating novel ideas.
Creativity The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas.
Convergent Thinking Demanding a single answer.
Divergent Thinking Imagining multiple answers to a problem.
Standardization The test must be pre-tested to a representative sample of people and form a bell curve.
Bell curve How the results are distributed.
Reliability The extent which a test yields consistency results overtime.
Split-halves Compare first half of test to second.
Alternate forms Two different test types.
Test-retest Take the test a second time
Validity The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to measure
Achievement test A test designed to assess what a person has learned
Content validity Does the test do a good job of sampling the criterion it is supposed to?
Criterion A principle or standard by which something may by judged or decided.
Aptitude test A test designed to predict a person's future performance, the ability for that person to learn.
Predictive validity Does the test do a good job of predicting the criterion it is supposed to do?
Head size and Intelligence correlation Small correlation between head size and intelligence correlation.
Brain size and intelligence correlation A +.44 correlation between brain size and intelligence scores
Neurological speed and Intelligence correlation There is a large correlation between mental speed and intelligence.
The Flynn effect IQ scores are going up about three points per decade.
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) Most widely used intelligence test.
Verbal Section (WAIS) General knowledge, vocab, arithmetic, reasoning, ect.
Performance Section (WAIS) Picture completion, picture arrangement, block design, ect.
Emotional Intelligence (EQ) Originally called social intelligence; the ability to perceive,express, understand and regulate emotions; Some studies show EQ to be a greater predictor for future success than IQ.
Crystallized Intelligence Knowledge accumulation that increases over time.
Fluid Intelligence Speed of mental processing increases/decreases.
Down Syndrome Intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by an extra 21st chromosome in one's genetic make up.
Intellectual Disability A condition of limited mental ability.
MENSA Organization for only the top 2% of intelligence.
Self-fulling prophecy You form and act on certain expectations which become true.
Schooling effect Intelligence scores drop over the summer when students are not in school.
Genetic influences of intelligence The most genetically similar people have the most similar scores.
Racial group differences in intelligence Diminishing over time because they are becoming less bias.
Stereotype threat A self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype.
Gender differences in intelligence Girls are approaching boys in all areas.
Created by: 007lwm
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