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Perception
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Fiction | An illusion caused when a figure is perceived even though it is not present in the stimulus. |
| Figure-ground | A gestalt law where a small complex symmetrical object (the figure) is seen as separate from a background (the ground) |
| Gestalt laws | Perceptual rules that organize stimuli |
| Height in plane | A monocular depth cue. When object closer to the horizon are perceived to be more distant than ones below or above the horizon. |
| Illusory contour | A boundary (Edge) that is perceived in a figure, but it is not present in the stimulus. |
| Linear perspective | monocular depth cue. When parallel lines appear to converge (meet) in the distance. |
| Monocular | A type of depth cue than gives information about distance and comes from one eye. Like superimposition, relative size, texture gradient etc |
| Motion-after-effect | An illusion caused by paying attention to movement in one direction and perceiving movement in the opposite direction immediately afterwards. |
| Optic chiasma | The cross-shape where some of the information from the left and right eye crosses over pass in the opposite side of the brain. |
| Optic chiasma | The cross-shape where some of the information from the left and right eye crosses over pass in the opposite side of the brain. |
| Optic nerve | Bundle of nerves cells that lead out from thr retina at the back of the eye. It carries information from the rods and cones to the brain. |
| Ambiguous figure | A stimulus with two possible interpretations, in which it is possible to perceive only one of the alternative at the time. |
| Binocular | A types of depth cue that provides information about distance from two eyes, such as stereopsis. |
| Blindspot | The area of the retina where the optic nerve leaves. it has no rods or cones so cannot detect light. |
| Closure | A gestalt law where line or shapes are perceived as complete figures even if parts are missing. |
| Colour-after-effect | n illusion caused by focusing on a coloured stimulus and perceiving opposite colours immediately afterwards |
| Cones | Light-sensitive cells in the retina that can detect colour. They only work in bright light |
| Continuity | A gestalt law where straight lines, curves and shapes are perceived to carry on being the same. |
| Depth cues | The visual 'clues' that we use to understand depth or distance. |
| Distortion illusion | Where our perception is deceived by some a aspect of the stimulus. This can affect the shape or size of an object. |
| Eyewitness | Somebody who sees a crime or aspects of a crime scene and who helps the police to find out what has happened or to catch whoever was responsible. |
| Perception | The way the brain makes sense of the visual image detected by the eyes. |
| Proximity | A gestalt law where objects which are close together are perceived to be related. |
| Reconstructive memory | Recalled material is not just a 'copy' of what we see or hear. information is stored and when it is remembered it is 'rebuild', so it can be affected by extra information and by ideas (like schemas) we might already have. |
| Relative size | A monocular depth cue. When smaller objects are perceived as further away than larger ones. |
| Repeated reproduction | A task where the participant is given a story or picture to remember. They then recall it several times after time delays. Differences between each version are measures. |
| Retina | The light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. It is made up of nerve cells called rods and cones. |
| Rods | Light-sensitive cells in the retina that respond even in dim light. |
| Serial reproduction | A task where a piece of information is passed from one participant to the next in a chain or series. Differences between each version are measured. |
| similarity | A gestalt law where figure sharing size, shape, colour are grouped together with other things that look the same. |
| Size constancy | We perceive an object as the same size even when its distance from us changes |
| Stereopis | A binocular depth cue. The greater distance seen by the left eye and the right eye, the closer the viewer is looking. |
| Superimposition | A monocular depth cue. When a partly hidden object must be further away the object that is covering it. |
| Texture gradient | A monocular depth cue. When an area with a detailed pattern is perceived to be nearer than one with less detail |
| Visual cortex | The area at the back of the brain that interprets visual information. |
| Visual illusion | A conflict between reality and what we perceive. |
| Controls | Ways to keep variables constant in conditions of an experiment. |
| Dependent variable | The factor that is being measured in an experiment. |
| Descriptive statistics | Ways to summarise results from a study. They can show a typical or average source or how spread out the results are. |
| Ethical issues | Potential Psychological or physical risks for people in the experiment. |
| Experimental participant design | The way participants are used in different conditions in an experiment. They may do all conditions or different participants may do each conditions. |
| Experiment | A research method which measures participants 'performance' in two or more conditions. |
| Hypothesis | A testable statement of the difference between the conditions in an experiment. |
| Independent group design | Different participants are used in each conditions in an experiment |
| Independent variable | The factor which is changed by the researcher in an experiment |
| Informed consent | An individual's right to know what will happen in an experiment. |
| Right to withdraw | A participants right to leave a study at any given time. |
| Ecological validity | Is the environment of the experiment realistic? People who encounter a stimulus in a laboratory setting may react differently from those who encounter it in a more naturalistic environment |
| Demand characteristics | Any aspects of a study that communicate to the participants how the experimenter wants them to behave. |
Created by:
khills
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