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Intro to Psychology
Chapter 1 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Psychology | the scientific study of behavior and mental process |
| Behavior | any action that other people can observe or measure |
| Cognitive Activities | private, unobservable mental process such as sensation, perception, thought and problem |
| Psychological Construct | theoretical entities, or concepts, that enable one to discuss something that cannot be seen, touched or measured correctly |
| Theory | a set of assumptions about why something is the way it is and happens the way it does |
| Principle | a rule or law |
| Basic Research | research that is conducted for its own sake, that is, without seeking a solution to a specific problem |
| Introspection | an examination of one’s own thoughts and feelings |
| Associationism | a learned connection between two ideas of events |
| Structuralism | the school of psychology, founded by Wilhelm Wundt, that maintains that conscious experience breaks down into objective sensations and subjective feelings |
| Functionalism | the schools of psychology, founded by William James, that emphasizes the purposes of behavior and mental processes |
| Behaviorism | the school of psychology, founded by John Watson, that defines psychology as the scientific study of observable behavior |
| Gestalt Psychology | the school of psychology that emphasizes the tendency to organize perceptions into meaningful wholes |
| Psychoanalysis | the school of psychology, founded by Sigmund Freud, that emphasizes the importance of unconscious motives and conflicts as determinants of human behavior |
| Psychodynamic Thinking | the theory that most of what fills an individual’s mind is unconscious and consists of conflicting impulses, urges and wishes |
| Biological Perspective | the psychological perspective that emphasizes the influence of biology behavior |
| Evolutionary Perspective | the theory focusing on the evolution of behavior and mental processes |
| Cognitive Perspective | the viewpoint that emphasizes the role of thought processes in determining behavior |
| Humanistic Perspective | the psychological view that assumes the existence of the self and emphasizes the importance of self-awareness and the freedom to make choices |
| Psychoanalytic Perspective | the perspective that stresses the influences of unconscious forces on human behavior |
| Learning Perspective | the psychological point of view that emphasizes the effects of experience on behavior |
| Social-Learning Theory | the theory that suggests that people have the ability to change their environments or to create new ones |
| Sociocultural Perspective | in psychology, the perspective that focuses on the roles of ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status in personality formation, behavior, and mental processes |
| Ethnic Group | a group united by cultural heritage, race, language, or common history |
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briannab0126
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