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Ch7 IPC
JWhite - Ch 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the 3 particles of an atom have an electric charge? | protons - positive charge, electrons - negative charge |
| What is "no net electric charge"? | Each atom has the same number of positive and negative charges and they cancel each other out. |
| What is static electricity? | The accumulation of excess electric charges on an object. |
| How do your shoes build up static electricity? | Before your shoes rub on the carpet, your shoes and the carpet have equal numbers of protons and electrons. Electrons are losely held on the carpet and are moved to the shoe. The shoe is now negatively charged and the carpet is positively charged. |
| What is the law of conservation of charge? | Charge can be transferred from object to object, but it cannot be created or destroyed. |
| What 2 rules do electrically charged objects obey? | 1. Opposite charges attract. 2. Like charges repel ( This is why your clothes stick together in the dryer...they have opposite charges when the electrons are transfered) |
| Electric field | Surrounding every object is an electric field. Through the electric field, a charge is able to push or pull on another charge. |
| When you walk across carpet and receive a shock by touching the door knob... | You could feel a shock or see a spark. This is due to the excess electrons being transferred from your shoes ( through your body to skin in your hand) to the door knob. |
| Conductors | Allows electrons to move through it easily. |
| Metallic Conductors | Metals are excellent conductors of electricity. This is why electric wires are made of metals. Copper is one of the best conductors. |
| Insulators | A material that does not allow electrons to move through it easily. This is why plastic covers the wires from your appliances. Plastic, wood, rubber and glass are good insulators. |
| Charging by contact | Rubbing 2 materials together can result in a transfer of electrons between the objects. Then one object has a more positive charge and the other has a more negative charge. Charging by contact is the process of transferring a charge by touching or rubbing |
| charging at a distance (induction) | The rearragement of electrons on a neutral object caused by a near by charged object. For example, rub a balloon on a cloth and it becomes charged. It will then attract to a shirt. This is charge by induction. |
| Lightening | A large static discharge. A static discharge is a transfer of charge through the air between 2 objects because of a buildup of static electricity |
| Lightening ( part 2) | Thunder clouds build up static electricty. When charges are accumulated, The negative charge of the cloud attracts to the positive charge of teh earth. The surge is upward. SPARK! |
| Grounding | Any object connected to Earth by a good conductor will transfer any excess electric charge. For example, buildings have metal lightening rods to conduct the lightening to the neutral ground. |
| Electroscope | Detects the presence of an electric charge |
| Electrical Pressure | Charges flow due to electrical pressure differences |
| Why charges flow? | Charges flow from an area of high voltage to low voltage. ( sort of like how water flows from high pressure to low pressure) |
| Voltage difference | The push that causes charges to move. Measured in volts (V). |
| Circuit | A closed, conducting path. For charges to flow, the wire must always be in a closed loop or circuit. |
| Electric Current | The flow of charges through any wire or any conductor. Measures in Amperes (A). |
| Batteries | In order to keep current moving through a closed circuit, a device must be present to maintain a voltage difference. A common source of a voltage difference is a battery. |
| Dry cell batteries | Has a positive and negative teminal end. Used in flashlights or your CD player. made of ZINC |
| Wet Cell batteries | Car battery. contains a WET conducting solution. Also has positive and negative terminal. |
| What is the voltage difference found in a wall socket? | 120V |
| When is the day of the test? | Thursday |
| When is my vocabulary test? | Wednesday |
| Will the vocabulary be on the test? | YES |
| Resistance | The tendency for a material to oppose the flow of electrons, changing electrical energy into thermal energy and light. Resistance is measured in Ohms. |
| What makes a light bulb glow? | As electrons move through the filament of a lightbulb, they bump into metal atoms. Due to the collisions, the metal heats up and starts to glow. |
| Copper | Copper is an excellent conductor and has low resistance to the flow of electrons ( electrons flow easily). This is why copper is used in houshold wiring. |
| The size of the wire affects resistance. | The resistance of a short, thick piece of wire is less than the resistance of a long, thin piece of wire |
| Ohm's Law | The current of a circuit equals the voltage difference divided by the resistance. I = V/R |
| Will you need to know the units for I, V, R? | Yes! I - Amperes, V - Volts, R - Ohms |
| Series circuit | The current only has one loop to flow through. Used in flashlights and holiday lights. |
| Parallel Circuit | Contain two or more branches for current to move through. UNlike in a series circuit, if one bulb burns out the others will still light. Parallel is used in homes. |
| Electrical Power | The rate at which electrical energy is converted to another form of energy. For example, a hair dryer converts electrical energy to thermal energy. |
| Power = | Current X Voltage difference |
| Formula for Power | P = I X V ( you must know what this means!) |
| The unit for electrical energy | kilowatt hour |
Created by:
JWhite
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