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PIC Stage Check
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| SRM | ADM, RM, TM, AM, CFIT, SA |
| 5P Checklists | Plan, plane, pilot, programming, passengers-- Preflight, pre takeoff, mid-point, precedent, pre approach |
| Flight Instruments (GRABCARD) | Generator/Alternator, Radio/ 2-way, Altimeter (+/- 75 feet), Ball, Clock w/ second hand, Attitude Indicator, Rate of turn/slip, Directional Gyro and everything VFR day and night |
| How does airspeed indicator work? | Difference in dynamic pressure (RAM air) and static pressure (static port) |
| Altimeter | Aneroid wafers (3 of them) sense outside pressure |
| VSI | Diaphragm mesures trend of pressure (that is why it is delayed) |
| Ground Speed: | True airspeed corrected for wind |
| True airspeed | Speed relative to air around plane |
| Indicated Airspeed | Off instrument |
| Calibrated Airspeed | Indicated airspeed corrected for position error |
| Equivalent airspeed | the speed at sea level that would produce the same incompressible dynamic pressure as the true airspeed at the altitude at which the vehicle is flying. |
| Gyroscopic Intsruments: | Attitude, heading indicator, slip/skid |
| Modes of GPS | En route (+/- 2 NM w/ WAAS, +/- 5 NM) , Approach (+/- .3 NM, 2 NM within IAF), Terminal (+/- 1 NM, initiates within 30 NM of airport) |
| 3 P's | Perceive, process, perform |
| Approach modes | LOC, VOR, GPS courses |
| Instrument Currency Requirements | In the preceding 6 months: 6 approaches, holding, navigation and tracking |
| Decent Planning | - 3:1 rule= distance - GS (x) 5 = Rate of decent |
| Airport Environment | Threshold, threshold markings, threshold lights, runway, runway markings, runway lights, TDZ, TDZ markings, TDZ lights, VASI (visual approach slope indicator)/ PAPI (Precision approach path indicator), ALS |
| Requirements to land IFR | 1. Normal Position to Land 2. Flight Visibility is met 3. Airport environment in sight |
| Radio Failure procedure | Route: AVEF, Assigned, Vectored, Expected, Filed, chronological order Altitude: MEA, MEA, Expected Assigned, Highest of the three |
| Position report items | ID, Position, Time, Altitude, Type of Flight Plan, ETA to next point, Name of next reporting station, pertinent remarks/ safety |
| ULTRACALMS: last one is compulsory reporting point for non-radar | Unforecast weather, leaving holding fix, true airspeed changes 5% of 10 KTAS, reach holding fix, altitude change, climb/decent 500'/ min, Altitude change VFR on top, lost comms/nav, missed approach, safety Non- Radar: ETA +/- 3 minutes, FAF outer marker |
| What to report to ATC when NAV equipment failure occurs: | 1. ID 2. Whats broken/ degree effected 3. Ability to operate IFR 4. Assistance from ATC |
| How do LOW radio waves travel? | Long wavelengths which allow to travel over obscurations, follow curve of earth, known as "ground wave" |
| How do HIGH radio waves travel? | Short wavelengths, go from earth's surface to the sky and get reflected back to earth |
| Benefit and downfall from high frequency waves | (+) Less likely to be interfered with, accurate, fast (-) Line of Sight is required |
| NDB | Non-directional beacon |
| Classes of NDBs: | - Locator- 15 NM - MH- medium high- 25 NM - H- high- 50 NM - HH- high high- 75 NM |
| Magnetic bearing: | The heading that points the plane directly to the NDB |
| Relative bearing: | Angle formed from the nose of the aircraft to the NDB |
| Fixed-card ADF: | Displays magnetic heading, 0 is always on top |
| Rotatable- card ADF: | Magnetic Bearing, slaved to compass |
| What is RMI | Radio Magnetic Indicator: Similar to movable card ADF, automatically adjusts itself to the present aircraft heading |
| Homing? | Keeping the nose pointed directly to the station |
| Tracking? | Compensating for possible wind drift |
| Bracketing? | Find the wind correction angle |
| How do you confirm the NDB is working properly? | Morse code identifier, consistently |
| Define VOR and frequency range | Very high frequency omnidirectional radio: Short range radio navigation using 108.00- 117.95 MhZ` |
| Describe VOR airborne equipment | VOR receiver, a horizontal oriented antenna, and a VHF receiver |
| Pilot induced VOR errors: | Careless tuning, turning in wrong direction, failure to check TO/FROM indicator, chasing CDI, reverse sensing |
| Maximum permissible error for VOR checks: | VOT/ dual: +/- 4 degrees Air: +/- 6 |
| Phases of VOR: | Reference: Beacon Variable: Spins Measures distance/ time between the two |
| What does each dot represent on the deviation scale for VOR? | 2 degrees deviation |
| What are standard VOR service volumes? | Terminal Service- 25 NM, 12,000 ft. Low Altitude- 40 NM, FL180 High Altitude- Draw!! Learn |
| How to intercept a VOR? | TITPIT- Tune, identify, twist, parallel, intercept, track |
| HSI? | Horizontal Situation Indicator: Used for approched/ glide path |
| DME | Distance Measuring Equipment |
| VORTAC? | A VOR and a tactical air navigation system which measures distance through AZIMUTH |
| How does the pilot know if the DME transmitter has failed in a VOR/DME? | Morse Identifier for DME goes once every 30 seconds it has failed |
| Pitot Static Instruments: | Altimeter, VSI, Airspeed |
| Different types of altitude? | Indicated Altitude, True Altitude (AGL), Absolute Altitude (MSL), Presure altitude (29.92), Density altitude (pressure altitude corrected for non-standard temp.) |
| What happens if the Pitot-tube freezes over? | The airspeed indicator with indicate zero |
| What happens if static port is blocked? | Airspeed is inaccurate, altitude freezes, VSI will zero out. |
| Two principles of GYROSCOPIC system | Precession, rigidity in space |
| How does the magnetic compass work? | Uses Earth's magnetic fields to find direction in liquid |
| What does GPS stand for and what is it? | Global Positionting System: 24 Satellites in space that precisely indicate location on Earth |
| What can GPS replace? | DME FIX, Flying a DME arc, NDB, position over NDB fix, holding over a nbd |
| What does RAIM stand for and what is its purpose? | Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring: Makes sure signals and not corrupt/ needs 5 satellites |
| Why might one be required to hold? | Climbing, weather, missed approach, delay an aircraft |
| Different locations a pilot may have to hold | NDB, VOR, GPS waypoint |
| Standard holding pattern: | Right turns, 4 minutes |
| Non-Standard: | Left turns |
| What is included in ATC holding instructions? | Direction of holding from the fix in terms of the cardinal directions, holding fix, radial, leg lengths if GPS is being used, direction of turn, EFC |
| How long does it take to hold above 14,000 MSL | 5 minutes |
| How do you compensate for wind? | Multiple with correction from inbound by 3 for outbound leg |
| Maximum airspeeds while holding: | 0-6000 MSL: 200 KIAS 6001- 14,000 MSL: 230 KIAS 14001 and above: 265 KIAS |
| Weather products used for flight planning? | METAR, FA, Winds aloft, radar, prog chart, AIRMETS/ SIGMETS, PIREPS, |
| Types of icing? | Induction, sturctural |
| Types of Ice: | Clear, rime, mixed, frost |
| What is EFAS? | En route flight advisory service- 122.00 6 AM- 10PM |
| What is HIWAS? | Hazardous inflight weather advisory service |
| What is a composite flight plan? | When a flight plan is a combination of VFR, IFR, or DVFR |
| Alternate airport | 1, 2, 3 rule |
| How often are enroute low- altitude charts published? | 56 days |
| STUDY CHART SYMBOLS | |
| MEA | Minimum en route altitude |
| MOCA | Minimum obstacle clearance altitude |
| MCA | Minimum crossing altitude |
| MRA | Minimum reception altitude |
| MAA | Highest altitude for adequate reception |
| OROCA | Off-route obstacle clearance altitude |
| What minimum altitudes apply to IFR when no minimum has been prescribed? | 1000 ft- non-mountaneous 2000 ft- mountainous |
| What is VFR on top clearance? | Must follow both VFR and IFR rules, VFR altitudes |
| Supplemental Oxygene regulations | 12500-14000: longer than 30 minutes, must give to pilots 14000-15000: crew must have 15000 and above: crew and passengers |
| What is a clearance release and void time | Release: take off after Void: take off before |
| What are segments of the approach? | 1. Initial approach 2. Intermediate approach 3. Final approach 4. Missed approach |
| What is the purpose of each segment? | 1. Align with final approach course 2. Speed checks, pre-landing 3. Landing, allows decent to MDA/DH 4. Missed approach procedure |
| 3 examples of non-precision approach | VOR, NDB, LNAV |
| 2 examples of precision approach | ILS, JPACS (joint precision approach and landing system) |
| 3 types of procedure turns | Standard (45/ 180) Racetrack Teardrop |
| How is the approach category of an aircraft determined? | Vref or 1.3 times Vso |
| When flying a circular approach at 100 KIAS how close should you be to the airport? | 1.3 NM |
| What are the 7 t's? | Time, turn, twist, throttle, talk, tires, ten |
| CRM? | Set of training procedures for use in environments where human error can have devastating effects, CRM focuses on interpersonal, communication, leadership, and decision making in the cockpit |
| IMSAFE checklist | Illness, medication, stress, alchohol, fatigue, eating |
| PAVE | pilot, airplane, environment, external factors |
| DECIDE | detect, estimate, choose, identify, do, evalutate |
Created by:
1580012213