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Motivation/Emotion
Barrons Chapter Outline
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| feelings and ideas that cause us to act toward a goal | motivation |
| Darwin suggested that through evolution humans developed habits related to biological and psychological factors | instincts |
| behavior is motivated by our biological needs | drive reduction theory |
| a requirement for survival | need |
| an impulse to act in a way that satifies a need or what | drive |
| balanced internal state | homeostasis |
| biological drives such as thirst | primary drives |
| learned drives such as working for money | secondary drives |
| we seek certain amounts of excitement that is unique to each person | arousal theory |
| high levels of arousal assist with easy tasks, but when applied to other tasks the effectiveness may not be as benefitial | Yerkes-Dodson law |
| addiction theory | opponent-process theory |
| the natural state, one that many want to return to from behaviors such as smoking | baseline |
| behaviors can be based on desires | incentive theory |
| stimuli we are drawn to due to learning | incentitives |
| theorized that not all needs are equal | Abraham Maslow |
| system that proposes the order of needs | heirarchy of needs |
| list the Heirarchy of Needs | 1.Physciological 2. Safety 3. Love 4. Esteem 5. Self-Actualization |
| the need to fulfill our unique potential as a person | self actualization |
| part of the brain that controls body chemistry | hypothalamus |
| when stimulated this causes the animal to eat | lateral |
| when stimulated this causes the animal to stop eating | ventromedial |
| the hypothalamus decides and controls desired body weight | set-point theory |
| triggers hungry by attractiveness or availability of food | external |
| triggers hunger mainly through internal cues | internals |
| occurs when nasea is paired with either food or drink | Garcia Effect |
| eats large amounts of food and then uses purging to rid the body of the unwanted calories | Bulimia |
| starvation is used to prevent the body from gaining weight | Anorexia |
| individuals who are severely overweight | Obesity |
| developed the sexual response cycle | William Masters and Virginia Johnson |
| sexual response cycle | 1. initial excitement 2. plateau phase 3. orgasm 4. resolution phase |
| environmental influences probably affect this | sexual orientation |
| 3 - 10 % of the world | is homosexual |
| our desire to master complex tasks and knowledge to reach personal goals | achievement motivation |
| indicates the general level of arousal a person is motivated to seek | optimum arousal |
| rewards we receive for accomplishments from outside ourselves | extrinsic motivation |
| rewats we receive for accomplishments internally | intrinsic motivation |
| theory combining "theories X and Y" | management theory |
| theory that workers will work better with rewards and punishments; extrinsic motivation | theory X |
| theory that workers will do good work because they are personally motivated to do well; intrinsic | theory Y |
| when someone must choose between two desirable outcomes | approach-approach conflict |
| when someone must choose between two unattractive outcomes | avoidance-avoidance conflict |
| when one goal has both attractive and unattractive features | approach-avoidance conflict |
| a situation in which you must decided between many choices that all have desirable and undesirable features | multiple approach-avoidance conflict |
| theorized that emotions are felt because of biological and physciological changes caused by stree | James-Lange |
| biological change and cognitive awareness of the emotional state are simultaneous | Cannon-Bard |
| thalamus is responsible for both the biological and emotional awareness thalamus receives info and sends it out to the cortex and autonomic nervous system amygdala is also involved | Cannon proposed |
| Two Factor theory | Stanley Schachter physical responses and cognition combine in order to cause an emotional response |
| already aroused people | tend to have more emotionally intense reactions then those who are not |
| measures stress using LCU | Holmes and Rache: SRRS (social readjustment rating scale) |
| LCU | life changing units |
| describes the general response humans have to stressful events | GAS (General Adaptation Syndrome) Hans Seyle |
| GAS | 1. alarm reaction 2. resistance 3. exhaustion |
| pressure is intensified as the organism prepares to challenge through activation of the sympathetic nervous system | alarm reaction |
| body remains physiologically ready | resistance |
| parasympathetic nervous system returns our body to normal | exhaustion |
| control over events tends to lessen stress, while less control heightens it | perceived control |
Created by:
andrewjodonnell
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