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Cough & Cold Drugs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Top causes of cough & chronic cough | Cough: allergy, infection, acid reflux, tumour, drug induced. Chronic cough: post-nasal drip, asthma and GERD. |
| Classes of drugs to help with cough & examples(3) | Cough suppressants/anti-tussives (eg codeine), expectorants (eg. guaiphenesin), mucolytics (eg. ambroxol) |
| Anti-tussives: uses and mode of action | Usually opoids used to suppress dry cough (no mucus). Does this by suppressing the cough center in the brain. |
| Anti-tussives: toxicity & contraindication | Sedation (becomes morphine), addictive potential. Since it depresses CNS, it can cause constipation (lower GI motility) and urinary retention (^ bladder sphincter tone). Should not use in pregnant women (lethal to baby's brain), & children. |
| Expectorant: mode of action | loosens phlegm by increasing water content, also stimulates cough center in the brain to trigger cough reflex. This promotes expulsion of mucus from the respiratory airway. |
| Mucolytics: uses & mode of action | Patients w/ lung infections. It works by breaking down the mucus structure into something thinner and easier to be removed through coughing. |
| 2 classes of drugs to help with cold (nasal discharge/congestion) & examples | Anti-histamine (diphenhydramine, cetirizine) and decongestant (pseudoephedrine). |
| Anti-histamine: classes | 1st gen: diphenhydramine has anti-muscarinic effects that cause dry throat, inducing cough. 2nd gen: cetirizine, loratidine has decreased anti muscarinics and is non-sedating. 3rd gen: levocetirizine is non sedating as well. |
| Antihistamine: uses and mode of action | Reduces allergic responses, rashes and nasal discharge. This is done by binding to histamine H1 receptors through competitive inhibition. Must be used with decongestant or existing mucus will get clogged & stuck. |
| Anti-histamine: toxicity | Can cause dry mouth and cough. 1st gen anti-histamines can cause drowsyness. |
| Decongestants: mode of action | Adrenergic drug that causes vasoconstriction in nasal passage, relieving congestion. |
| Decongestants: toxicity | Adrenergic drug that activates sympathetic nervous system. Too much can cause cardiac arrythmias, tachycardia and tremors. |
Created by:
Aurorahx
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